Structural Health Monitoring of a Footbridge using Echo State Networks and NARMAX

Wootton, Adam J.; Butcher, John B.; Kyriacou, Theocharis; Day, Charles R.; Haycock, Peter W.

Abstract

Echo State Networks (ESNs) and a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average model with eXogenous inputs (NARMAX) have been applied to multi-sensor time-series data arising from a test footbridge which has been subjected to multiple potentially damaging interventions. The aim of the work was to automatically classify known potentially damaging events, while also allowing engineers to observe and localise any long term damage trends. The techniques reported here used data from ten temperature sensors as inputs and were tasked with predicting the output signal from eight tilt sensors embedded at various points over the bridge. Initially, interventions were identified by both ESNs and NARMAX. In addition, training ESNs using data up to the first event, and determining the ESNs’ subsequent predictions, allowed inferences to be made not only about when and where the interventions occurred, but also the level of damage caused, without requiring any prior data pre-processing or extrapolation. Finally, ESNs were successfully used as classifiers to characterise various different types of intervention that had taken place.

Citation

Wootton, A. J., Butcher, J. B., Kyriacou, T., Day, C. R., & Haycock, P. W. (2017). Structural Health Monitoring of a Footbridge using Echo State Networks and NARMAX. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 64, 152-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.05.014

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 22, 2017
• Online Publication Date: Jun 30, 2017
• Publication Date: 2017-09
• Journal: Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
• Print ISSN: 0952-1976
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 64
• Pages: 152-163
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.05.014
• Keywords: Echo state networks; NARMAX; Wireless sensor networks; Structural health monitoring; Bridges; NPL footbridge
• Publisher URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197617301082