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Obstacles to Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Obstacles to Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00006

This chapter establishes the meaning of the concept of legal certainty and its constituent value, predictability, in the EU legal system, before identifying obstacles to legal certainty in the general sense and in the specific case of EU legal system... Read More about Obstacles to Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure.

Appendix 1: Legal Education and Training of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 1: Legal Education and Training of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00025

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 1: Legal Education and Training of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC.

Appendix 10: Level of Law Conditioning of the Judges of the Court of Justice (1952-Present) (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 10: Level of Law Conditioning of the Judges of the Court of Justice (1952-Present). . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00034

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 10: Level of Law Conditioning of the Judges of the Court of Justice (1952-Present).

Appendix 2: Legal Education and Training of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 2: Legal Education and Training of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00026

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 2: Legal Education and Training of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.

Appendix 3: Legal Education and Training of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 3: Legal Education and Training of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00027

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 3: Legal Education and Training of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.

Appendix 4: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 4: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00028

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 4: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC.

Appendix 5: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 5: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00029

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 5: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.

Appendix 6: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 6: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00030

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 6: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.

Appendix 7: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC at the Date of Appointment (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 7: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC at the Date of Appointment. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00031

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 7: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC at the Date of Appointment.

Appendix 8: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 8: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00032

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 8: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment.

Appendix 9: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 9: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00033

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 9: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment.

Index (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Index. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00036

This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Index.

The Steadying Effect of Law-Conditioned Officials (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Steadying Effect of Law-Conditioned Officials. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00010

This chapter, the first in Part I, discusses the role of judges' legal educational and professional backgrounds in steadying their judicial decisions. The chapter commences by acknowledging a significant obstacle to legal certainty: that the pressure... Read More about The Steadying Effect of Law-Conditioned Officials.

Steadying Factors in Deliberative and Decision-making Procedures (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Steadying Factors in Deliberative and Decision-making Procedures. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00023

This chapter, the final chapter in Part III, considers the role of the final stage of a preliminary reference (the deliberation and decision stage) in promoting legal certainty. The final two of Llewellyn's 'steadying factors' categorised in this boo... Read More about Steadying Factors in Deliberative and Decision-making Procedures.

Steadying Factors in the Article 267 TFEU Preliminary Reference Procedure (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Steadying Factors in the Article 267 TFEU Preliminary Reference Procedure. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00007

This chapter seeks to identify steadying factors, a concept borrowed from the American legal realist Karl Llewellyn, that contribute to reducing the impact of obstacles to legal certainty. This chapter describes Llewellyn's 'descriptive thesis' in hi... Read More about Steadying Factors in the Article 267 TFEU Preliminary Reference Procedure.

Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 1 (Legal and Acceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 1 (Legal and Acceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00014

This chapter tests the hypothesis established in Chapter 6 by exploring the likelihood of the Court of Justice's countervailing powers employing countermeasures where the Court renders a ‘scenario 1' rulings. These are rulings that adhere to the le... Read More about Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 1 (Legal and Acceptable) Rulings.

Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 3 (Illegal, but Acceptable) and Scenario 4 (Illegal and Unacceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 3 (Illegal, but Acceptable) and Scenario 4 (Illegal and Unacceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00017

This chapter, the final chapter in Part II, to test the hypothesis established in Chapter 6, analyses the extent to which the Court of Justice will become vulnerable to countervailing power countermeasures in circumstances where it ceases to act judi... Read More about Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 3 (Illegal, but Acceptable) and Scenario 4 (Illegal and Unacceptable) Rulings.

Susceptibility to Lawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Lawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00015

This chapter, to test the hypothesis established in Chapter 6, examines the extent to which the Court of Justice's countervailing powers may utilise lawful court-destroying, -harming, -curbing, or accountability measures where the Court adheres to le... Read More about Susceptibility to Lawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings.