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All Outputs (15)

Attention (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Attention. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-11

Attention is fundamental for most of our daily lives. However, there are limits to our attention, meaning that we cannot attend to all information that we encounter. This chapter examines focused attention, considering theories of attention, whether... Read More about Attention.

Concepts and categories (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Concepts and categories. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-5

In this chapter, we consider how we define categories and the associated mental representation of a category, or concept. Furniture is an example of a category of items such as chairs, tables, sideboards and footstools. Each of the members of the cat... Read More about Concepts and categories.

Creativity and expertise (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Creativity and expertise. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-3

In this chapter, we explore the remarkable capacity for creativity that humans possess. The first part of the chapter focuses on creative cognition. We start by defining what creativity is and then consider some of the processes underpinning it. We c... Read More about Creativity and expertise.

Deductive reasoning (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Deductive reasoning. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-4

This chapter explores a particular type of reasoning – deductive reasoning. We first look at what deductive reasoning is (and isn’t). We then look at some of the types of deductive reasoning such as conditional reasoning or ‘if … then’ reasoning and... Read More about Deductive reasoning.

Everyday memory (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Everyday memory. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-10

This chapter is concerned with memory processes that occur within one’s typical daily environment. It first considers autobiographical memories, memories about us and our personal experiences, exploring theories and characteristics of autobiographica... Read More about Everyday memory.

Judgement and decision making (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Judgement and decision making. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-6

This chapter is concerned with two related processes – judgement and decision making. We start off by looking at how we make judgements, specifically considering the role that probability judgements, for example availability and representativeness he... Read More about Judgement and decision making.

Memory and forgetting (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Memory and forgetting. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-9

Every day we encounter a huge amount of information. But how much of it can we remember? How do we remember? And why do we sometimes forget? This chapter introduces models of the architecture of memory, at the heart of which is a distinction between... Read More about Memory and forgetting.

Perception (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Perception. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-12

We take it for granted that we can recognise the things in our environment, like the words on this page or a person across the room. But how do we receive information from our senses and then recognise people and objects, to interact with the world a... Read More about Perception.

Problem solving (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Problem solving. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-2

Humans are excellent problem solvers. In this chapter, we explore what we mean by a problem, and we look at examples of both simple and more complex problems. We also consider the representations and processes that people use to solve them. We explor... Read More about Problem solving.

Reading (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Reading. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-7

Reading is a skill that most of us acquire as children. As adult readers, we are able to read and understand written works of fiction and non-fiction, letters and webpages, newspapers and tweets. How is it we can do this so efficiently and effectivel... Read More about Reading.

Speech and other language issues (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). Speech and other language issues. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-8

In this chapter, we consider how people can perceive and recognise speech. This is harder than you might imagine. Unlike written words which have a space between them, spoken words often run together and, unlike written text, once uttered, the signal... Read More about Speech and other language issues.

The future of cognitive psychology (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). The future of cognitive psychology. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-15

In this chapter, we will start by putting cognitive psychology into its current context. Over the past few years, the discipline of psychology has been in the grip of what many people have called ‘a replication crisis’. The positive lessons emerging... Read More about The future of cognitive psychology.

The nature of consciousness (2023)
Book Chapter
Ball, L. J., Butler, L. T., Sherman, S. M., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2023). The nature of consciousness. In Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World. (1). Taylor & Francis (Routledge). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145851-13

Consciousness is everything you experience during every waking moment of your life. Attempts to understand what consciousness is and how it works represents one of humanity’s biggest questions. The past two decades have witnessed substantial progress... Read More about The nature of consciousness.