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All Outputs (23)

Generative AI cybersecurity and resilience (2025)
Journal Article
Radanliev, P., Santos, O., & Ani, U. D. (2025). Generative AI cybersecurity and resilience. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 8, Article 1568360. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1568360

Generative Artificial Intelligence marks a critical inflection point in the evolution of machine learning systems, enabling the autonomous synthesis of content across text, image, audio, and biomedical domains. While these capabilities are advancing... Read More about Generative AI cybersecurity and resilience.

Socio‐Technical Security Modelling and Simulations in Cyber‐Physical Systems: Outlook on Knowledge, Perceptions, Practices, Enablers, and Barriers (2025)
Journal Article
Ani, U. D., Al‐Mhiqani, M., Tuptuk, N., Hailes, S., & McKendrick Watson, J. D. (2025). Socio‐Technical Security Modelling and Simulations in Cyber‐Physical Systems: Outlook on Knowledge, Perceptions, Practices, Enablers, and Barriers. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications, 10(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.70017

Socio‐Technical Security Modelling and Simulation (STSec‐M&S) is a technique used for reasoning and representing security viewpoints that include both the social and technical aspects of a system. It has shown great potential for improving the cybers... Read More about Socio‐Technical Security Modelling and Simulations in Cyber‐Physical Systems: Outlook on Knowledge, Perceptions, Practices, Enablers, and Barriers.

Impact of detection accuracy rates on phishing email spikes: Towards more effective mitigation (2025)
Journal Article
Adewumi, S. E., & Ani, U. D. (in press). Impact of detection accuracy rates on phishing email spikes: Towards more effective mitigation. Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2025.2469519

Phishing is a common cyber-attack technique where a criminal pretending to be a trusted entity sends a message either soliciting assistance, or requesting bank or credit card details with promises that usually turn out to be a hoax. This may include... Read More about Impact of detection accuracy rates on phishing email spikes: Towards more effective mitigation.

Minimising cybersecurity risk exposures in industrial control system environments: a techno-human vulnerability analysis approach (2024)
Journal Article
Ani, U. D., Watson, J., He, H., Radanliev, P., & Epiphaniou, G. (in press). Minimising cybersecurity risk exposures in industrial control system environments: a techno-human vulnerability analysis approach. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2024.2421589

Organisations operating IoT-enabled industrial control systems (ICSs) are concerned about growing cybersecurity risks and impacts to their systems. Cyber-attacks on ICSs demonstrate that technology alone is neither a problem nor a solution to the gro... Read More about Minimising cybersecurity risk exposures in industrial control system environments: a techno-human vulnerability analysis approach.

AI security and cyber risk in IoT systems (2024)
Journal Article
Radanliev, P., De Roure, D., Maple, C., Nurse, J. R. C., Nicolescu, R., & Ani, U. (in press). AI security and cyber risk in IoT systems. Frontiers in Big Data, 7, Article 1402745. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1402745

Internet-of-Things (IoT) refers to low-memory connected devices used in various new technologies, including drones, autonomous machines, and robotics. The article aims to understand better cyber risks in low-memory devices and the challenges in IoT r... Read More about AI security and cyber risk in IoT systems.

Digital twins in cyber effects modelling of IoT/CPS points of low resilience (2023)
Journal Article
Ani, U. (2023). Digital twins in cyber effects modelling of IoT/CPS points of low resilience. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 125, Article 102744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2023.102744

The exponential increase of data volume and velocity have necessitated a tighter linkage of physical and cyber components in modern Cyber–physical systems (CPS) to achieve faster response times and autonomous component reconfiguration. To attain this... Read More about Digital twins in cyber effects modelling of IoT/CPS points of low resilience.

Super-forecasting the 'technological singularity' risks from artificial intelligence (2022)
Journal Article
Ani, Radanliev, P., De Roure, D., Maple, C., & Ani, U. (2022). Super-forecasting the 'technological singularity' risks from artificial intelligence. Evolving Systems, 13(5), 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-022-09431-7

This article investigates cybersecurity (and risk) in the context of ‘technological singularity’ from artificial intelligence. The investigation constructs multiple risk forecasts that are synthesised in a new framework for counteracting risks from a... Read More about Super-forecasting the 'technological singularity' risks from artificial intelligence.

The ethics of shared Covid-19 risks: an epistemological framework for ethical health technology assessment of risk in vaccine supply chain infrastructures (2021)
Journal Article
Ani. (2021). The ethics of shared Covid-19 risks: an epistemological framework for ethical health technology assessment of risk in vaccine supply chain infrastructures. Health and Technology, 1083 - 1091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-021-00565-3

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This article addresses the topic of shared responsibilities in supply chains, with a specific focus on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in e-health environments, and Industry 4.0 issues—concerni... Read More about The ethics of shared Covid-19 risks: an epistemological framework for ethical health technology assessment of risk in vaccine supply chain infrastructures.

Design Considerations for Building Credible Security Testbeds: Perspectives from Industrial Control System Use Cases (2020)
Journal Article
Ani, U. D., Watson, J. M., Green, B., Craggs, B., & Nurse, J. (2020). Design Considerations for Building Credible Security Testbeds: Perspectives from Industrial Control System Use Cases. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 5(2), https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2020.1843822

This paper presents a mapping framework for design factors and implementation process for building credible Industrial Control Systems (ICS) security testbeds. The resilience of ICSs has become a critical concern to operators and governments followin... Read More about Design Considerations for Building Credible Security Testbeds: Perspectives from Industrial Control System Use Cases.

Design Considerations for Building Credible Security Testbeds: Perspectives from Industrial Control System Use Cases (2020)
Journal Article
Ani, U. P. D., Watson, J. M., Green, B., Craggs, B., & Nurse, J. R. C. (2021). Design Considerations for Building Credible Security Testbeds: Perspectives from Industrial Control System Use Cases. Journal of Cyber Security Technology, 5(2), 71-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2020.1843822

This paper presents a mapping framework for design factors and an implementation process for building credible Industrial Control Systems (ICS) security testbeds. The security and resilience of ICSs has become a critical concern to operators and gove... Read More about Design Considerations for Building Credible Security Testbeds: Perspectives from Industrial Control System Use Cases.

Dynamic real-time risk analytics of uncontrollable states in complex internet of things systems: cyber risk at the edge (2020)
Journal Article
Radanliev, P., De Roure, D., Van Kleek, M., Ani, U., Burnap, P., Anthi, E., Nurse, J. R. C., Santos, O., Montalvo, R. M., & Maddox, L. (2020). Dynamic real-time risk analytics of uncontrollable states in complex internet of things systems: cyber risk at the edge. Environment Systems and Decisions, 41, 236–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-020-09792-x

The Internet of Things (IoT) triggers new types of cyber risks. Therefore, the integration of new IoT devices and services requires a self-assessment of IoT cyber security posture. By security posture this article refers to the cybersecurity strength... Read More about Dynamic real-time risk analytics of uncontrollable states in complex internet of things systems: cyber risk at the edge.

A review of the use and utility of industrial network-based open source simulators: functionality, security, and policy viewpoints (2020)
Journal Article
Ani, U. D., Watson, J. M., Carr, M., Cook, A., & Nurse, J. R. (2022). A review of the use and utility of industrial network-based open source simulators: functionality, security, and policy viewpoints. Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation, 19(3), 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548512920953499

Simulation can provide a useful means to understand issues linked to industrial network operations. For transparent, collaborative, cost-effective solutions development, and to attract the broadest interest base, simulation is critical and open sourc... Read More about A review of the use and utility of industrial network-based open source simulators: functionality, security, and policy viewpoints.

Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systems (2020)
Journal Article
Radanliev, P., De Roure, D., Van Kleek, M., Santos, O., & Ani, U. (2021). Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systems. AI & society, 36(3), 783-796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0

This article conducts a literature review of current and future challenges in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in cyber physical systems. The literature review is focused on identifying a conceptual framework for increasing resilience with AI... Read More about Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systems.

Definition of Internet of Things (IoT) Cyber Risk – Discussion on a Transformation Roadmap for Standardisation of Regulations, Risk Maturity, Strategy Design and Impact Assessment (2019)
Journal Article
Radanliev, P., De Roure, D., R.C. Nurse, J., Burnap, P., Anthi, E., Ani, U., Maddox, L., Santos, O., & Mantilla Montalvo, R. Definition of Internet of Things (IoT) Cyber Risk – Discussion on a Transformation Roadmap for Standardisation of Regulations, Risk Maturity, Strategy Design and Impact Assessment. Preprints, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201903.0080.v1