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Aligning Spinoza with Descartes: An informed Cartesian account of the truth bias

Street, Chris N. H.; Kingstone, Alan

Authors

Alan Kingstone



Abstract

There is a bias towards believing information is true rather than false. The Spinozan account claims there is an early, automatic bias towards believing. Only afterwards can people engage in an effortful re-evaluation and disbelieve the information. Supporting this account, there is a greater bias towards believing information is true when under cognitive load. However, developing on the Adaptive Lie Detector (ALIED) theory, the informed Cartesian can equally explain this data. The account claims the bias under load is not evidence of automatic belief; rather, people are undecided, but if forced to guess they can rely on context information to make an informed judgement. The account predicts, and we found, that if people can explicitly indicate their uncertainty, there should be no bias towards believing because they are no longer required to guess. Thus, we conclude that belief formation can be better explained by an informed Cartesian account – an attempt to make an informed judgment under uncertainty.

Citation

Street, C. N. H., & Kingstone, A. (2017). Aligning Spinoza with Descartes: An informed Cartesian account of the truth bias. British Journal of Psychology, 108(3), 453-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12210

Journal Article Type Article
Online Publication Date Aug 11, 2016
Publication Date 2017-08
Deposit Date May 30, 2023
Journal British Journal of Psychology
Print ISSN 0007-1269
Publisher Wiley
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 108
Issue 3
Pages 453-466
DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12210
Keywords General Psychology