Heart Failure Readmission in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Active Cancer

Dafaalla, Mohamed; Abramov, Dmitry; Van Spall, Harriette G.C.; Ghosh, Arjun K.; Gale, Chris P.; Zaman, Sarah; Rashid, Muhammad; Mamas, Mamas A.

Abstract

Background
Although numerous studies have examined readmission with heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), limited data are available on HF readmission in cancer patients post-AMI.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the rates and factors associated with HF readmission in cancer patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods
A nationally linked cohort of STEMI patients between January 2005 and March 2019 were obtained from the UK Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project registry and the UK national Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care registry. Multivariable Fine-Gray competing risk models were used to evaluate HF readmission at 30 days and 1 year.

Results
A total of 326,551 STEMI indexed admissions were included, with 7,090 (2.2%) patients having active cancer. The cancer group was less likely to be admitted under the care of a cardiologist (74.5% vs 81.9%) and had lower rates of invasive coronary angiography (62.2% vs 72.7%; P < 0.001) and percutaneous coronary intervention (58.4% vs. 69.5%). There was a significant prescription gap in the administration of post-AMI medications upon discharge such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (49.5% vs 71.1%) and beta-blockers (58.4% vs 68.0%) in cancer patients. The cancer group had a higher rate of HF readmission at 30 days (3.2% vs 2.3%) and 1 year (9.4% vs 7.3%). However, after adjustment, cancer was not independently associated with HF readmission at 30 days (subdistribution HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.86-1.28) or 1 year (subdistribution HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92-1.16). The opportunity-based quality indicator was associated with higher rates of HF readmission independent of cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions
Cancer patients receive care that differs in important ways from patients without cancer. Greater implementation of evidence-based care may reduce HF readmissions, including in cancer patients.

Citation

Dafaalla, M., Abramov, D., Van Spall, H. G., Ghosh, A. K., Gale, C. P., Zaman, S., …Mamas, M. A. (in press). Heart Failure Readmission in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Active Cancer. JACC: CardioOncology, 6(1), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.10.011

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Oct 31, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Jan 9, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jan 19, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 19, 2024
• Journal: JACC: CardioOncology
• Electronic ISSN: 2666-0873
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 117-129
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.10.011
• Keywords: cancer; heart failure readmission; ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
• Public URL: https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/704671