Recommendations for early referral of individuals with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica: an initiative from the international giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica study group

Keller, Kresten Krarup; Mukhtyar, Chetan B; Nielsen, Andreas Wiggers; Hemmig, Andrea Katharina; Mackie, Sarah Louise; Sattui, Sebastian Eduardo; Hauge, Ellen-Margrethe; Dua, Anisha; Helliwell, Toby; Neill, Lorna; Blockmans, Daniel; Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie; Hayes, Eric; Venneboer, Annett Jansen; Monti, Sara; Ponte, Cristina; De Miguel, Eugenio; Matza, Mark; Warrington, Kenneth J; Byram, Kevin; Yaseen, Kinanah; Peoples, Christine; Putman, Michael; Lally, Lindsay; Finikiotis, Michael; Appenzeller, Simone; Caramori, Ugo; Toro-Gutiérrez, Carlos Enrique; Backhouse, Elisabeth; Oviedo, María Camila Guerrero; Pimentel-Quiroz, Victor Román; Keen, Helen Isobel; Owen, Claire Elizabeth; Daikeler, Thomas; de Thurah, Annette; Schmidt, Wolfgang A; Brouwer, Elisabeth; Dejaco, Christian

Abstract

Objective: To develop international consensus-based recommendations for early referral of individuals with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).

Methods: A task force including 29 rheumatologists/internists, 4 general practitioners, 4 patients and a healthcare professional emerged from the international giant cell arteritis and PMR study group. The task force supplied clinical questions, subsequently transformed into Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome format. A systematic literature review was conducted followed by online meetings to formulate and vote on final recommendations. Levels of evidence (LOE) (1-5 scale) and agreement (LOA) (0-10 scale) were evaluated.

Results: Two overarching principles and five recommendations were developed. LOE was 4-5 and LOA ranged between 8.5 and 9.7. The recommendations suggest that (1) each individual with suspected or recently diagnosed PMR should be considered for specialist evaluation, (2) before referring an individual with suspected PMR to specialist care, a thorough history and clinical examination should be performed and preferably complemented with urgent basic laboratory investigations, (3) individuals with suspected PMR with severe symptoms should be referred for specialist evaluation using rapid access strategies, (4) in individuals with suspected PMR who are referred via rapid access, the commencement of glucocorticoid therapy should be deferred until after specialist evaluation and (5) individuals diagnosed with PMR in specialist care with a good initial response to glucocorticoids and a low risk of glucocorticoid related adverse events can be managed in primary care.

Conclusions: These are the first international recommendations for referral of individuals with suspected PMR, which complement the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology management guidelines for established PMR.

Keywords: Giant Cell Arteritis; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Vasculitis.

Citation

Keller, K. K., Mukhtyar, C. B., Nielsen, A. W., Hemmig, A. K., Mackie, S. L., Sattui, S. E., …Dejaco, C. (in press). Recommendations for early referral of individuals with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica: an initiative from the international giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica study group. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ard-2023-225134. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2023-225134

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 14, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Dec 1, 2023
• Deposit Date: Feb 22, 2024
• Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
• Print ISSN: 0003-4967
• Electronic ISSN: 1468-2060
• Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Pages: ard-2023-225134
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2023-225134
• Keywords: General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Immunology; Immunology and Allergy; Rheumatology
• Publisher URL: https://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2023/12/14/ard-2023-225134