A pedagogic evaluation comparing face to face and online formats of a multi-professional offender personality disorder (OPD) higher education training programme

Lamph, Gary; Elliott, Alison; Wheatcroft, Sue; Rayner, Gillian; Gardner, Kathryn; Haslam, Michael B; Jones, Emma; McKeown, Mick; Gibbon, Jane; Graham-Kevan, Nicola; Wright, Karen

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of a novel offender personality disorder (OPD) higher education programme and the research evaluation results collected over a three-year period. Data from Phase 1 was collected from a face-to-face mode of delivery, and Phase 2 data collected from the same programme was from an online mode of delivery because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
In Phase 1, three modules were developed and delivered in a fully face-to-face format before the pandemic in 2019–2020 (n = 52 student participants). In 2020–2021 (n = 66 student participants), training was adapted into a fully online mode of delivery in Phase 2. This mixed-methods study evaluated participant confidence and compassion. Pre-, post- and six-month follow-up questionnaires were completed. Qualitative interviews were conducted across both phases to gain in-depth feedback on this programme (Phase 1: N = 7 students, Phase 2: N = 2 students, N = 5 leaders). Data from Phase 1 (face-to-face) and Phase 2 (online) are synthesised for comparison.

Findings
In Phase 1 (N = 52), confidence in working with people with personality disorder or associated difficulties improved significantly, while compassion did not change. In Phase 2 (N = 66), these results were replicated, with statistically significant improvements in confidence reported. Compassion, however, was reduced in Phase 2 at the six-month follow-up. Results have been integrated and have assisted in shaping the future of modules to meet the learning needs of students.

Research limitations/implications
Further research into the impact of different modes of delivery is important for the future of education in a post-pandemic digitalised society. Comparisons of blended learning approaches were not covered but would be beneficial to explore and evaluate in the future.

Practical implications
This comparison provided informed learning for consideration in the development of non-related educational programmes and, hence, was of use to other educational providers.

Originality/value
This paper provides a comparison of a student-evaluated training programme, thus providing insights into the impact of delivering a relational-focused training programme in both face-to-face and online distance learning delivery modes. From this pedagogic research evaluation, the authors were able to derive unique insights into the outcomes of this programme.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 23, 2023
• Publication Date: Sep 27, 2023
• Deposit Date: Feb 26, 2024
• Journal: Journal of Forensic Practice
• Print ISSN: 2050-8794
• Publisher: Emerald
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-02-2023-0004
• Keywords: Personality disorder, Offending, Online training, Higher education, Distance learning, Face-to-face training, Innovation, Co-production, Lived experience