Tine Van Bortel
Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination in the workplace among individuals with major depressive disorder in 35 countries: qualitative framework analysis of a mixed-method cross-sectional study
Van Bortel, Tine; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Treacy, Samantha; Khan, Nashi; Ouali, Uta; Sumathipala, Athula; Svab, Vesna; Nader, Doaa; Kadri, Nadia; Monteiro, Maria Fatima; Knifton, Lee; Quinn, Neil; Van Audenhove, Chantal; Lasalvia, Antonio; Bonetto, Chiara; Thornicroft, Graham; van Weeghel, Jaap; Brouwers, Evelien; Thornicroft, Graham; Bortel, Tine Van; Treacy, Samantha; Brohan, Elaine; Ando, Shuntaro; Rose, Diana; Wahlbeck, Kristian; Aromaa, Esa; Nordmyr, Johanna; Nyqvist, Fredrica; Herberts, Carolina; Lewis, Oliver; Russo, Jasna; Karsay, Dorottya; Maglajlic, Rea; Lasalvia, Antonio; Zoppei, Silvia; Cristofalo, Doriana; Bonetto, Chiara; Goldie, Isabella; Knifton, Lee; Quinn, Neil; Sartorius, Norman; Audenhove, Chantal Van; Scheerder, Gert; Tambuyzer, Else; Hristakeva, Valentina; Germanov, Dimitar; Zaske, Harald; Gaebel, Wolfgang; Economou, Marina; Louki, Eleni; Peppou, Lily; Geroulanou, Klio; Harangozo, Judit; Sebes, Julia; Csukly, Gabor; Rossi, Giuseppe; Lanfredi, Mariangela; P...
Authors
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
Samantha Treacy
Nashi Khan
Uta Ouali
Athula Sumathipala
Vesna Svab
Doaa Nader
Nadia Kadri
Maria Fatima Monteiro
Lee Knifton
Neil Quinn
Chantal Van Audenhove
Antonio Lasalvia
Chiara Bonetto
Graham Thornicroft
Jaap van Weeghel
Evelien Brouwers
Graham Thornicroft
Tine Van Bortel
Samantha Treacy
Elaine Brohan
Shuntaro Ando
Diana Rose
Kristian Wahlbeck
Esa Aromaa
Johanna Nordmyr
Fredrica Nyqvist
Carolina Herberts
Oliver Lewis
Jasna Russo
Dorottya Karsay
Rea Maglajlic
Antonio Lasalvia
Silvia Zoppei
Doriana Cristofalo
Chiara Bonetto
Isabella Goldie
Lee Knifton
Neil Quinn
Norman Sartorius
Chantal Van Audenhove
Gert Scheerder
Else Tambuyzer
Valentina Hristakeva
Dimitar Germanov
Harald Zaske
Wolfgang Gaebel
Marina Economou
Eleni Louki
Lily Peppou
Klio Geroulanou
Judit Harangozo
Julia Sebes
Gabor Csukly
Giuseppe Rossi
Mariangela Lanfredi
Laura Pedrini
Arunas Germanavicius
Natalja Markovskaja
Vytis Valantinas
Jaap van Weeghel
Jenny Boumans
Eleonoor Willemsen
Annette Plooy
Teresa Duarte
Fatima Jorge Monteiro
Radu Teodorescu
Iuliana Radu
Elena Pana
Janka Hurova
Dita Leczova
Vesna Svab
Nina Konecnik
Blanca Reneses
Juan J Lopez-Ibor
Nerea Palomares
Camila Bayon
Alp Uçok
Gulsah Karaday
Nicholas Glozier
Nicole Cockayne
Abstract
Objectives: Workplace stigmatisation and discrimination are significant barriers to accessing employment opportunities, reintegration and promotion in the workforce for people with mental illnesses in comparison to other disabilities. This paper presents qualitative evidence of anticipated and experienced workplace stigma and discrimination among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in 35 countries, and how these experiences differ across countries based on their Human Development Index (HDI) level. Design: Mixed-method cross-sectional survey. Participants, setting and measures: The qualitative data were gathered as part of the combined European Union Anti-Stigma Programme European Network and global International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes for Depression studies examining stigma and discrimination among individuals with MDD across 35 countries. Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale version 12 (DISC-12). This study used responses to the open-ended DISC-12 questions related to employment. Data were analysed using the framework analysis method. Results: The framework analysis of qualitative data of 141 participants identified 6 key ‘frames’ exploring (1) participants reported experiences of workplace stigma and discrimination; (2) impact of experienced workplace stigma and discrimination; (3) anticipated workplace stigma and discrimination; (4) ways of coping; (5) positive work experiences and (6) contextualisation of workplace stigma and discrimination. In general, participants from very high HDI countries reported higher levels of anticipated and experienced discrimination than other HDI groups (eg, less understanding and support, being more avoided/shunned, stopping themselves from looking for work because of expectation and fear of discrimination). Furthermore, participants from medium/low HDI countries were more likely to report positive workplace experiences. Conclusions: This study makes a significant contribution towards workplace stigma and discrimination among individuals with MDD, still an under-researched mental health diagnosis. These findings illuminate important relationships that may exist between countries/contexts and stigma and discrimination, identifying that individuals from very high HDI countries were more likely to report anticipated and experienced workplace discrimination.
Citation
Van Bortel, T., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Treacy, S., Khan, N., Ouali, U., Sumathipala, A., …Cockayne, N. (2024). Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination in the workplace among individuals with major depressive disorder in 35 countries: qualitative framework analysis of a mixed-method cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 14(6), Article e077528. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077528
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Jun 5, 2024 |
Online Publication Date | Jun 19, 2024 |
Publication Date | Jun 1, 2024 |
Deposit Date | Jul 4, 2024 |
Publicly Available Date | Jul 4, 2024 |
Journal | BMJ Open |
Electronic ISSN | 2044-6055 |
Publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 14 |
Issue | 6 |
Article Number | e077528 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077528 |
Keywords | Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Interaction, Depression & mood disorders, MENTAL HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUALITATIVE RESEARCH |
Public URL | https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/859700 |
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Anticipated and experienced stigma and discrimination in the workplace among individuals with major depressive disorder in 35 countries: qualitative framework analysis of a mixed-method cross-sectional study
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This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
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