Nationwide Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mortality Trends in Patients with Sarcoidosis and Non-Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease—The Impact of Gender, Ethnicity, Geographical Location, and COVID-19 Pandemic

Ahmed, Raheel; Ahmed, Mushood; Khlidj, Yehya; Rehman, Obaid Ur; Al-Mukhtar, Laith; Abou Khater, Noha; Khurram Mustaq Gardezi, Syed; Rashid, Muhammad; Collins, Peter; Jain, Hritvik; Ramphul, Kamleshun; Baig, Mudassar; Chahal, Anwar; Kouranos, Vasilis; Behary Paray, Nitish; Sharma, Rakesh

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The epidemiological data regarding mortality rates of adults with sarcoidosis and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are limited. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted to identify trends and disparities related to sarcoidosis and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease mortality among the adult US population from 1999 to 2022. Methods: We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER database to extract death certificate data for the adult US population (≥25 years). The age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and annual percent changes (APCs) were determined using Joinpoint. Results: Between 1999 and 2022, 23,642 deaths were identified related to non-ischemic CVD + sarcoidosis. The overall AAMR increased from 0.2 (95% CI, 0.2 to 0.3) in 1999 to 0.5 (95% CI, 0.5 to 0.6) in 2022. Females had a higher AAMR than males (0.6 vs. 0.5). Non-Hispanic (NH) blacks had the highest AAMR, followed by NH whites and Hispanic or Latinos. The southern region had the highest AAMR (0.7: 95% CI, 0.6–0.7), followed by the Midwest (0.6, 95% CI, 0.54–0.669), the Northeast (0.5, 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.6), and the West (0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.4). Urban and rural areas had comparable mortality rates (0.5 vs. 0.6). People aged 65+ had the highest AAMRs. Conclusions: The overall mortality rates for non-ischemic CVD and sarcoidosis have increased in the US from 1999 to 2022. Females and NH blacks had higher AAMRs, while a minimal variation was observed based on geographical regions. Early diagnosis and prompt management are the keys to reducing the mortality burden of non-ischemic CVD plus sarcoidosis.

Citation

Ahmed, R., Ahmed, M., Khlidj, Y., Rehman, O. U., Al-Mukhtar, L., Abou Khater, N., Khurram Mustaq Gardezi, S., Rashid, M., Collins, P., Jain, H., Ramphul, K., Baig, M., Chahal, A., Kouranos, V., Behary Paray, N., & Sharma, R. (2024). Nationwide Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mortality Trends in Patients with Sarcoidosis and Non-Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease—The Impact of Gender, Ethnicity, Geographical Location, and COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(23), 7463. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237463

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 3, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Dec 8, 2024
• Publication Date: Dec 8, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jan 8, 2025
• Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine
• Electronic ISSN: 2077-0383
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 23
• Pages: 7463
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237463
• Public URL: https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/1021145
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7463