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Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Comfort, Haley; McHugh, Theresa A; Schumacher, Austin E; Harris, Ashley; May, Erin A; Paulson, Katherine R; Gardner, William M; Fuller, John E; Frisch, Meghan E; Taylor, Heather Jean; Leever, Andrew T; Teply, Corey; Verghese, Nicholas Alexander; Alam, Tahiya; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdissa, Daba; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Mesfin; Abedi, Aidin; Abidi, Hassan; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abrigo, Michael R M; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Adane, Mesafint Molla; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adema, Bulcha Guye; Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun; Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Saira; Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika; Agodi, Antonella; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Luai A; A...

Authors

Haley Comfort

Theresa A McHugh

Austin E Schumacher

Ashley Harris

Erin A May

Katherine R Paulson

William M Gardner

John E Fuller

Meghan E Frisch

Heather Jean Taylor

Andrew T Leever

Corey Teply

Nicholas Alexander Verghese

Tahiya Alam

Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate

Hedayat Abbastabar

Samar Abd ElHafeez

Michael Abdelmasseh

Sherief Abd-Elsalam

Daba Abdissa

Meriem Abdoun

Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader

Mesfin Abebe

Aidin Abedi

Hassan Abidi

Olumide Abiodun

Richard Gyan Aboagye

Hassan Abolhassani

Michael R M Abrigo

Eman Abu-Gharbieh

Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh

Mesafint Molla Adane

Isaac Yeboah Addo

Bulcha Guye Adema

Miracle Ayomikun Adesina

Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun Adetunji

Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka

Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani

Saira Afzal

Suneth Buddhika Agampodi

Antonella Agodi

Williams Agyemang-Duah

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah

Aqeel Ahmad

Danish Ahmad

Ali Ahmadi

Ayman Ahmed

Haroon Ahmed

Luai A Ahmed

Marjan Ajami

Karolina Akinosoglou

Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan

Ziyad Al-Aly

Khurshid Alam

Fahad Mashhour Alanezi

Turki M Alanzi

Mohammed Albashtawy

Sharifullah Alemi

Abdelazeem M Algammal

Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi

Abid Ali

Liaqat Ali

Mohammed Usman Ali

Sheikh Mohammad Alif

Syed Mohamed Aljunid

Joseph Uy Almazan

Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi

Louay Almidani

Sami Almustanyir

Khalid A Altirkawi

Hany Aly

Safwat Aly

Reza Amani

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw

Abebe Feyissa Amhare

Tarek Tawfik Amin

Sohrab Amiri

Catalina Liliana Andrei

Tudorel Andrei

Amir Anoushiravani

Adnan Ansar

Davood Anvari

Razique Anwer

Francis Appiah

Morteza Arab-Zozani

Aleksandr Y Aravkin

Demelash Areda

Brhane Berhe Aregawi

Anton A Artamonov

Umesh Raj Aryal

Zatollah Asemi

Mulu Tiruneh Asemu

Akeza Awealom Asgedom

Tahira Ashraf

Melash Belachew Asresie

Daniel Atlaw

Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout

Alok Atreya

Madhu Sudhan Atteraya

Avinash Aujayeb

Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla

Haleh Ayatollahi

Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh

Sina Azadnajafabad

Rui M S Azevedo

Ahmed Y Azzam

Darshan B B

Mahsa Babaei

Muhammad Badar

Ashish D Badiye

Nayereh Baghcheghi

Soroush Baghdadi

Nasser Bagheri

Sara Bagherieh

Farshad Bahrami Asl

Ruhai Bai

Ravleen Kaur Bakshi

Kiran Bam

Maciej Banach

Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas

Hansi Bansal

Berihun Bantie Bantie

Martina Barchitta

Mainak Bardhan

Azadeh Bashiri

Afisu Basiru

Pritish Baskaran

Kavita Batra

Mojtaba Bayani

Nebiyou Simegnew Bayleyegn

Neeraj Bedi

Tahmina Begum

Amir Hossein Behnoush

Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi

Amiel Nazer C Bermudez

Kebede A Beyene

Bharti Bhandari Bhandari

Dinesh Bhandari

Nikha Bhardwaj

Pankaj Bhardwaj

Sonu Bhaskar

Suraj Bhattarai

Virginia Bodolica

Dejana Braithwaite

Hermann Brenner

Yasser Bustanji

Nadeem Shafique Butt

Zahid A Butt

Abdul Cadri

Ismael Campos-Nonato

Maria Sofia Cattaruzza

Francieli Cembranel

Ester Cerin

Pamela Roxana Chacón-Uscamaita

Jaykaran Charan

Vijay Kumar Chattu

Dhun Chauhan

Malizgani Paul Chavula

Simiao Chen

Gerald Chi

Abdulaal Chitheer

William C S Cho

Sonali Gajanan Choudhari

Dinh-Toi Chu

Natalia Cruz-Martins

Omid Dadras

Gizachew Worku Dagnew

Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba

Lalit Dandona

Aso Mohammad Darwesh

Jai K Das

Saswati Das

Nihar Ranjan Dash

Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes

Kairat Davletov

Berhanu Gidisa Debela

Aklilu Tamire Debele

Msganaw Derese

Kebede Deribe

Emina Dervišević

Anteneh Mengist Dessie

Arkadeep Dhali

Vishal R Dhulipala

M Ashworth Dirac

Wanyue Dong

Bezabih Terefe Dora

Haneil Larson Dsouza

Andre Rodrigues Duraes

Sulagna Dutta

Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic

Abdelaziz Ed-Dra

Kristina Edvardsson

Ebrahim Eini

Michael Ekholuenetale

Maysaa El Sayed Zaki

Islam Y Elgendy

Muhammed Elhadi

Mohammed Elshaer

Ibrahim Elsohaby

Theophilus I Emeto

Luchuo Engelbert Bain

Hawi Leul Esayas

Babak Eshrati

Francesco Esposito

Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe

Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev

Ali Faramarzi

Andre Faro

Ali Fatehizadeh

Ginenus Fekadu

Florian Fischer

Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov

Takeshi Fukumoto

Peter Andras Gaal

Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane

Márió Gajdács

Yaseen Galali

Silvano Gallus

Balasankar Ganesan

Federica Gazzelloni

Mesfin Gebrehiwot

Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin

Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel

Yohannes Fikadu Geda

Kebede Embaye Gezae

Ramy Mohamed Ghazy

Gloria Gheno

Alessandro Gialluisi

Mika Gissler

James C Glasbey

Logan M Glasstetter

Mahaveer Golechha

Pouya Goleij

Davide Golinelli

Michal Grivna

Avirup Guha

Stefano Guicciardi

Hanbing Guo

Sapna Gupta

Veer Bala Gupta

Vivek Kumar Gupta

Sebastian Haller

Rabih Halwani

Samer Hamidi

Alexis J Handal

Josep Maria Haro

Nicholas Nathaniel Hartman

Taufiq Hasan

Ali Hasanpour- Dehkordi

Md Saquib Hasnain

Soheil Hassanipour

Wen-Qiang He

Mohammad Heidari

Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna

Claudiu Herteliu

Kamran Hessami

Kamal Hezam

Yuta Hiraike

Ramesh Holla

Md Mahbub Hossain

Hassan Hosseinzadeh

Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

Mihaela Hostiuc

Sorin Hostiuc

Chengxi Hu

Junjie Huang

M Mamun Huda

Md Nazmul Huda

Hong-Han Huynh

Bing-Fang Hwang

Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar

Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi

Irena M Ilic

Milena D Ilic

Mustapha Immurana

Arad Iranmehr

Farideh Iravanpour

Masao Iwagami

Chidozie Declan Iwu

Assefa N Iyasu

Jalil Jaafari

Abdollah Jafarzadeh

Haitham Jahrami

Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia

Nilofer Javadi

Tahereh Javaheri

Sathish Kumar Jayapal

Alelign Tasew Jema

Mohammad Jokar

Nitin Joseph

Charity Ehimwenma Joshua

Mikk Jürisson

Ali Kabir

Zubair Kabir

Ibraheem M Karaye

Hanie Karimi

Hengameh Kasraei

Joonas H Kauppila

Evie Shoshannah Kendal

Mohammad Keykhaei

Nauman Khalid

Faham Khamesipour

M Nuruzzaman Khan

Maseer Khan

Yusra H Khan

Khaled Khatab

Haitham Khatatbeh

Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh

Sorour Khateri

Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani

Moein Khormali

Min Seo Kim

Thanh V Kim

Yun Jin Kim

Ruth W Kimokoti

Adnan Kisa

Sezer Kisa

Sonali Kochhar

Ali-Asghar Kolahi

Farzad Kompani

Hamid Reza Koohestani

Soewarta Kosen

Ai Koyanagi

Kewal Krishan

Vijay Krishnamoorthy

Barthelemy Kuate Defo

Raja Amir Hassan Kuchay

Mohammed Kuddus

G Anil Kumar

Om P Kurmi

Carlo La Vecchia

Ben Lacey

Chandrakant Lahariya

Tri Laksono

Dharmesh Kumar Lal

Savita Lasrado

Kamaluddin Latief

Kaveh Latifinaibin

Thao Thi Thu Le

Munjae Lee

Sang-woong Lee

Wei-Chen Lee

Yo Han Lee

Jacopo Lenzi

Ming-Chieh Li

Shanshan Li

Virendra S Ligade

Stephen S Lim

Gang Liu

Jue Liu

Xuefeng Liu

László Lorenzovici

Masoud Lotfizadeh

Ahmed M Afifi

Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho

Laura A Magee

Azeem Majeed

Elaheh Malakan Rad

Kashish Malhotra

Ahmad Azam Malik

Iram Malik

Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi

Joemer C Maravilla

Santi Martini

Francisco Rogerlândio Rogerlândio Martins-Melo

Miquel Martorell

Melvin Barrientos Marzan

Yasith Mathangasinghe

Rita Mattiello

Andrea Maugeri

Mahsa Mayeli

Maryam Mazaheri

Rishi P Mediratta

Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad

Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles

Hadush Negash Meles

Max Alberto Mendez-Lopez

Walter Mendoza

Ritesh G Menezes

Atte Meretoja

Tuomo J Meretoja

Irmina Maria Michalek

Le Huu Nhat Minh

Reza Mirfakhraie

Mojgan Mirghafourvand

Andreea Mirica

Erkin M Mirrakhimov

Moonis Mirza

Eric Mishio Bawa

Sanjeev Misra

Biru Abdissa Mizana

Nouh Saad Mohamed

Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi

Ghada Mohammed

Salahuddin Mohammed

Shafiu Mohammed

Ali H Mokdad

Sabrina Molinaro

Sara Momtazmanesh

Lorenzo Monasta

Mohammad Ali Moni

AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf

Paula Moraga

Negar Morovatdar

Abbas Mosapour

Simin Mouodi

Parsa Mousavi

Ulrich Otto Mueller

Admir Mulita

Francesk Mulita

Moses K Muriithi

Tapas Sadasivan Nair

Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen

Gopal Nambi

Vinay Nangia

Gustavo G Nascimento

Javaid Nauman

Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi

Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi

Georges Nguefack-Tsague

Josephine W Ngunjiri

Dang H Nguyen

Hau Thi Hien Nguyen

Hien Quang Nguyen

Phat Tuan Nguyen

Robina Khan Niazi

Ali Nikoobar

Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi

Efaq Ali Noman

Shuhei Nomura

Mamoona Noreen

Dieta Nurrika

Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam

Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam

Bogdan Oancea

Kehinde O Obamiro

Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin

Sylvester Reuben Okeke

Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle

Osaretin Christabel Okonji

Patrick Godwin Okwute

Andrew T Olagunju

Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde

Matthew Idowu Olatubi

Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa

Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya

Michal Ordak

Doris V Ortega-Altamirano

Wael M S Osman

Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu

Adrian Otoiu

Nikita Otstavnov

Stanislav S Otstavnov

Amel Ouyahia

Mayowa O Owolabi

Alicia Padron-Monedero

Jagadish Rao Padubidri

Adrian Pana

Pragyan Paramita Parija

Romil R Parikh

Ava Pashaei

Sangram Kishor Patel

Shankargouda Patil

Shrikant Pawar

Paolo Pedersini

Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito

Prince Peprah

Gavin Pereira

Jeevan Pereira

Marcos Pereira

Maria Odete Pereira

Arokiasamy Perianayagam

Norberto Perico

Konrad Pesudovs

Ionela-Roxana Petcu

Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha

Parmida Sadat Pezeshki

Tom Pham

My Kieu Phan

Anil K Philip

Manon Pigeolet

Zahra Zahid Piracha

Vivek Podder

Dimitri Poddighe

Pranil Man Singh Pradhan

Hadi Raeisi Shahraki

Pankaja Raghav

Mosiur Rahman

Vahid Rahmanian

Ivano Raimondo

Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy

Chhabi Lal Ranabhat

Nemanja Rancic

Chythra R Rao

Sowmya J Rao

Davide Rasella

Ahmed Mustafa Rashid

Reza Rawassizadeh

Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan

Giuseppe Remuzzi

Kannan RR Rengasamy

Andre M N Renzaho

Nazila Rezaei

Negar Rezaei

Mohsen Rezaeian

Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden

Leonardo Roever

Peter Rohloff

Luca Ronfani

Godfrey M Rwegerera

Aly M A Saad

Zahra Saadatian

Siamak Sabour

Basema Ahmad Saddik

Malihe Sadeghi

Mohammad Reza Saeb

Umar Saeed

Amene Saghazadeh

Dominic Sagoe

Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari

Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari

Amirhossein Sahebkar

Harihar Sahoo

Soumya Swaroop Sahoo

Mohamed A Saleh

Sana Salehi

Marwa Rashad Salem

Abdallah M Samy

Rama Krishna Sanjeev

Yaser Sarikhani

Sachin C Sarode

Maheswar Satpathy

Monika Sawhney

Ganesh Kumar Saya

Mete Saylan

Markus P Schlaich

Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider

Art Schuermans

Pallav Sengupta

Subramanian Senthilkumaran

Sadaf G Sepanlou

Dragos Serban

SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi

Allen Seylani

Mahan Shafie

Jaffer Shah

Pritik A Shah

Samiah Shahid

Masood Ali Shaikh

Sunder Sham

Mohd Shanawaz

Mohammed Shannawaz

Mequannent Melaku Sharew

Manoj Sharma

Adithi Shetty

B Suresh Kumar Shetty

Pavanchand H Shetty

Rahman Shiri

Reza Shirkoohi

Siddharudha Shivalli

Sina Shool

Seyed Afshin Shorofi

Kanwar Hamza Shuja

Kerem Shuval

Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat

Negussie Boti Sidamo

João Pedro Silva

Colin R Simpson

Jasvinder A Singh

Paramdeep Singh

Surjit Singh

Natia Skhvitaridze

Bogdan Socea

Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag

Hamidreza Soleimani

Yonatan Solomon

Suhang Song

Yi Song

Michael Spartalis

Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy

Andy Stergachis

Muhammad Suleman

Saima Sultana

Haitong Zhe Sun

Jing Sun

Mindy D Szeto

Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos

Shima Tabatabai

Mohammad Tabish

Majid Taheri

Moslem Taheri Soodejani

Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi

Ker-Kan Tan

Ingan Ukur Tarigan

Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee

Birhan Tsegaw Taye

Yibekal Manaye Tefera

Mohamad-Hani Temsah

Masayuki Teramoto

Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam

Enoch Teye-Kwadjo

Samar Tharwat

Aravind Thavamani

Nihal Thomas

Mariya Vladimirovna Titova

Amir Tiyuri

Roman Topor-Madry

Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone

Jaya Prasad Tripathy

Samuel Joseph Tromans

Chukwudi S Ubah

Muhammad Umair

Srikanth Umakanthan

Brigid Unim

Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan

Sahel Valadan Tahbaz

Mario Valenti

Rohollah Valizadeh

Jef Van den Eynde

Shoban Babu Varthya

Massimiliano Veroux

Georgios-Ioannis Verras

Leonardo Villani

Francesco S Violante

Vasily Vlassov

Mandaras Tariku Walde

Fang Wang

Shu Wang

Yanqing Wang

Yanzhong Wang

Emebet Gashaw Wassie

Kosala Gayan Weerakoon

Asrat Arja Wolde

Xiaoyue Xu

Vikas Yadav

Lin Yang

Yuichiro Yano

Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet

Siyan Yi

Arzu Yiğit

Vahit Yiğit

Paul Yip

Naohiro Yonemoto

Nazar Zaki

Giulia Zamagni

Burhan Abdullah Zaman

Michael Zastrozhin

Haijun Zhang

Yunquan Zhang

Zhi-Jiang Zhang

Hanqing Zhao

Claire Chenwen Zhong

Magdalena Zielińska

Lilik Zuhriyah

Simon I Hay

Mohsen Naghavi

Christopher J L Murray

Rakhi Dandona

Nicholas J Kassebaum



Citation

Comfort, H., McHugh, T. A., Schumacher, A. E., Harris, A., May, E. A., Paulson, K. R., …Kassebaum, N. J. (2024). Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 404(10466), 1955-1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736%2824%2901925-1

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 4, 2024
Publication Date 2024-11
Deposit Date Feb 12, 2025
Journal The Lancet
Print ISSN 0140-6736
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 404
Issue 10466
Pages 1955-1988
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736%2824%2901925-1
Public URL https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/1074377
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673624019251?via%3Dihub
Additional Information This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021; Journal Title: The Lancet; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01925-1; CrossRef DOI link to the associated document: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01774-4; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.