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Allostatic load and pain severity in older adults: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Sibille, Kimberly T.; McBeth, John; Smith, Diane; Wilkie, Ross

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Authors

Kimberly T. Sibille

John McBeth

Diane Smith



Abstract

Pain is common in older adults, is frequently experienced as stressful, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Stress regulatory systems are adaptive to challenge and change, allostasis, until demands exceed the adaptive capacity contributing to dysregulation, resulting in a high allostatic load. A high allostatic load is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Pain severity, based on the average intensity of frequent pain, was hypothesized to be positively associated with AL. Four formulations of AL were investigated. Cross-sectional data from Wave 4 (2008-2009) of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) were analyzed. Covariates in the model included age, sex, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, activity level, depression and common comorbid health conditions. A total of 5341 individuals were included; mean age 65.3(±9.2) years, 55% female, 62.4% infrequent or no pain, 12.6% mild pain, 19.1% moderate pain, and 5.9% severe pain. Severe pain was associated with greater AL defined by all four formulations. The amount of variance explained by pain severity and the covariates was highest when allostatic load was defined by the high risk quartile (12.9%) and by the clinical value (11.7%). Findings indicate a positive relationship between pain severity and AL. Further investigation is needed to determine if there is a specific AL signature for pain that differs from other health conditions.

Citation

Sibille, K. T., McBeth, J., Smith, D., & Wilkie, R. (2017). Allostatic load and pain severity in older adults: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Experimental Gerontology, 51 - 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.013

Acceptance Date Dec 13, 2016
Publication Date Feb 1, 2017
Journal Experimental Gerontology
Print ISSN 0531-5565
Publisher Elsevier
Pages 51 - 58
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.013
Keywords Pain severity, Stress, Allostatic load, Older adults, Health behaviors
Publisher URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556516305976

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