Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases at Baseline and Their Short-Term Changes in a Workplace Cohort in Singapore

Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Dunleavy, Gerard; Soljak, Michael; Visvalingam, Nanthini; Divakar, Ushashree; Thach, T-Q; Nazeha, Nuraini; Bajpai, Ram; Cheung, Kei; Vries, Hein; Soh, C-K; Christopoulos, Georgios; Car, Josip

Abstract

We aimed to examine the behavioural and clinical risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at baseline and their changes over 12 months in a workplace cohort in Singapore. A total of 464 full-time employees (age = 21 years) were recruited from a variety of occupational settings, including offices, control rooms, and workshops. Of these, 424 (91.4%) were followed-up at three months and 334 (72.0%) were followed up at 12 months. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data on health behaviours and clinical measurements were performed by trained staff using standard instruments and protocols. Age-adjusted changes in risk factors over time were examined using generalized estimating equations or linear mixed-effects models where appropriate. The mean age of the participants at baseline was 39.0 (SD: 11.4) years and 79.5% were men. Nearly a quarter (24.4%) were current smokers, slightly more than half (53.5%) were alcohol drinkers, two-thirds (66%) were consuming <5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day, and 23.1% were physically inactive. More than two-thirds (67%) were overweight or obese and 34.5% had central obesity. The mean follow-up was 8.6 months. After adjusting for age, over 12 months, there was a significant increase in the proportion consuming <5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day by 33% (p = 0.030), who were physically inactive by 64% (p < 0.001), and of overweight or obese people by 15% (p = 0.018). The burden of several key NCD risk factors at baseline was high and some worsened within a short period of time in this working population. There is a need for more targeted strategies for behaviour change towards a healthy lifestyle as part of the ongoing health and wellness programs at workplaces in Singapore.

Citation

Sathish, T., Dunleavy, G., Soljak, M., Visvalingam, N., Divakar, U., Thach, T.-Q., Nazeha, N., Bajpai, R., Thuan-Quoc Thach, Cheung, K., Cheung, K. L., Vries, H., de Vries, H., Soh, C.-K., Soh, C.-K., Christopoulos, G., & Car, J. (2019). Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases at Baseline and Their Short-Term Changes in a Workplace Cohort in Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224551

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 12, 2019
• Publication Date: 2019-11
• Publicly Available Date: May 26, 2023
• Journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
• Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 16
• Issue: 22
• Article Number: ARTN 4551
• Pages: 1-11
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224551
• Keywords: Singapore, chronic disease, cohort study, risk factors, workplace
• Public URL: https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/415708
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4551