Maternal Glycemic Spectrum and Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in a Multiracial US Cohort

Mamas; Wu

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (pregestational (PDM) and gestational (GDM)) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). However, studies exploring the association of APOs with maternal glycemia among women without PDM/GDM are limited. We utilized data from 4119 women (307-PDM; 582-GDM; 3230-non-PDM/GDM) in the Boston Birth Cohort (1998-2016). Women in the non-PDM/GDM group were subdivided by tertiles of 1 h, 50 g oral glucose load test at 24-32 weeks: T1: 50-95 mg/dL (n = 1166), T2: 96-116 mg/dL (n = 1151), T3: 117-201 mg/dL (n = 913). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association of maternal glycemia with APOs-preterm birth (PTB) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP)-and adverse perinatal outcomes-high birth weight (HBW), cesarean section (CS), and sub-analyses by race-ethnicity. Compared to women in T1, women in T2 and T3 had a higher prevalence of pre-existing hypertension (T1: 2.8% vs. T2: 5.2% vs. T3: 6.3%) and obesity (T1: 13.3% vs. T2: 18.1% vs. T3: 22.9%). Women in T2 and T3 had higher odds of HBW (adjusted odds ratio aOR T2: 1.47 [1.01-2.19] T3: 1.68 [1.13-2.50]) compared to women in T1. Additionally, women in T2, compared to T1, had higher odds of HDP (aOR 1.44 [1.10-1.88]). Among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women, those in T2 and T3 had higher odds of HDP compared to T1 (aOR T2 1.67 [1.13-2.51]; T3: 1.68 [1.07-2.62]). GDM and PDM were associated with higher odds of HBW, CS, PTB, and HDP, compared to women in T1. In this predominantly NHB and Hispanic cohort, moderate maternal glycemia without PDM/GDM was associated with higher odds of HBW and HDP, even more strongly among NHB women. If confirmed, a review of current guidelines of glucose screening and risk stratification in pregnancy may be warranted.

Citation

Wu, Mamas, Kwapong, Y. A., Boakye, E., Wang, G., Hong, X., …Sharma, G. (2022). Maternal Glycemic Spectrum and Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in a Multiracial US Cohort. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 9(6), Article ARTN 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9060179

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 2, 2022
• Publication Date: Jun 4, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: May 30, 2023
• Journal: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
• Publisher: MDPI
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 6
• Article Number: ARTN 179
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9060179
• Keywords: glycemia; gestational diabetes; adverse pregnancy outcomes; cardiovascular risk
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/9/6/179
• Additional Information: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited