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The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (2021)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Rea, R., Duff, C. J., Livingston, M., McLoughlin, K., Wong, L., …Heald, A. H. (2022). The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.302

BACKGROUND: Finger prick blood glucose (BG) monitoring remains a mainstay of management in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who take sulphonylurea (SU) drugs or insulin. We recently examined patient experience of BG monitoring in people with type 1... Read More about The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results (2021)
Journal Article
Michaelidou, M., Yadegarfar, G., Morris, L., Dolan, S., Robinson, A., Naseem, A., …Heald, A. H. (2021). Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results. Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism, 10(2), 137 - 145. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000250

Background The short synacthen test (SST) is the most commonly performed investigation to assess adrenal function. Appropriate criteria for when an SST is performed are subject to debate. We investigated how random serum cortisol levels relate to SST... Read More about Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results.

Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines (2021)
Journal Article
Parfitt, C., Duff, C. J., Scargill, J., Green, L., Holland, D., Heald, A. H., & Fryer, A. A. (2021). Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines. BMC Psychiatry, 21, Article 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03023-y

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder is the fourth most common mental health condition, affecting ~?1% of UK adults. Lithium is an effective treatment for prevention of relapse and hospital admission, and is widely recommended as a first-line treatment. We p... Read More about Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines.

The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions. (2020)
Journal Article
Hussain, I., Fryer, A. A., Barnett, J., & Hanna, F. W. (2020). The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions. Clinical Medicine, e202 - e203. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0231

Recently, the UK's national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme produced recommendations for the management of incidental findings identified during the scans performed as part of the lung cancer screening programme. We identified significant discr... Read More about The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions..

Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes. (2019)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Davies, M., Stedman, M., Livingston, M., Lunt, M., Fryer, A., & Gadsby, R. (2019). Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes. BMJ Open, 9(9), e028278 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028278

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate relative clinical effectiveness of treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a statistical model of real-world evidence within UK general practitioner practices (GPP), to quantify the opportunities for diabetes c... Read More about Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes..

The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. (2018)
Journal Article
Ramachandran, S., Strange, R., Fryer, A., Saad, F., & Hackett, G. (2018). The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. Andrology, 6(6), 846-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12520

BACKGROUND: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels have been associated with mortality in adult men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVES: To confirm the association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality and then determine wh... Read More about The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes..

Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Laing, I., McLernon, D. J., Donn, R., Hartland, A. J., Fryer, A. A., & Livingston, M. (2017). Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010001

OBJECTIVE: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:... Read More about Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women..

Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value (2017)
Presentation / Conference
Driskell, O., Duff, C., Holland, D., Waldron, J., Ford, C., Tran, M., …Heald, A. (2017, March). Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2017, Manchester, UK

Objectives: Studies have established that there is a clear link between monitoring frequency and diabetes control. Nevertheless, the wider question of optimum number of tests per year to attain target HbA1c remains unclear. Methods: Data on all Hb... Read More about Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value.

Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health (2017)
Journal Article
Wu, P., Haththotuwa, R., Shing Kwok, C., Babu, A., Kotronias, R. A., Rushton, C., …Mamas, M. A. (2017). Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 10(2), https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003497

Background— Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder resulting in hypertension and multiorgan dysfunction. There is growing evidence that these effects persist after pregnancy. We aimed to systematically evaluate and quantify the evidence on th... Read More about Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health.

Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Anderson, S. G., Scargill, J. J., Short, A., Holland, D., Khan, A., …Livingston, M. (2017). Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721417697843

There is increasing evidence concerning adverse health consequences of low vitamin D levels. We determined whether there is any surrogate for measuring vitamin D in people older than 70 years and the relation between index of multiple deprivation (IM... Read More about Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement.

Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry (2016)
Journal Article
Mamas, M. A., Shing Kwok, C., Kontopantelis, E., Fryer, A. A., Buchan, I., Bachmann, M. O., …Myint, P. K. (2016). Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(11), https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003348

BACKGROUND: We aim to determine the prevalence of anemia in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and compare their clinical characteristics, management, and clinical outcomes to those without anemia in an unselected national ACS cohort. METHODS AND... Read More about Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry.

Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)
Journal Article
Wu, P., Shing Kwok, C., Haththotuwa, R., Kotronias, R. A., Babu, A., Fryer, A. A., …Mamas, M. A. (2016). Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 59, 2518-2526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4098-x

Aims/hypothesis: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multi-system disorder and a state of physiological insulin resistance. Our aim is to systematically evaluate and quantify the evidence on the relationship between pre-eclampsia and the future ris... Read More about Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methylation of HOXA9 and ISL1 Predicts Patient Outcome in High-Grade Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer. (2015)
Journal Article
Kitchen, M. O., Bryan, R. T., Haworth, K. E., Emes, R. D., Luscombe, C., Gommersall, L., …Farrell, W. E. (2015). Methylation of HOXA9 and ISL1 Predicts Patient Outcome in High-Grade Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer. PloS one, e0137003 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137003

INTRODUCTION: Inappropriate DNA methylation is frequently associated with human tumour development, and in specific cases, is associated with clinical outcomes. Previous reports of DNA methylation in low/intermediate grade non-muscle invasive bladder... Read More about Methylation of HOXA9 and ISL1 Predicts Patient Outcome in High-Grade Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer..

O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts (2015)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Haworth, K. E., Emes, R. D., Nixon, N. B., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2015). O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts. Rheumatology, 54(S1), i48. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kev087.003

Background: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with RA display an aggressive, invasive phenotype and play a key role in joint destruction. Increasing evidence indicates that alterations to the epigenome, including DNA methylation, contr... Read More about O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts.

Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine (2014)
Presentation / Conference
Carroll, W., Saunders, A., Ismail, K., Farrell, W., Emes, R., & Fryer, A. (2014, September). Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine. Presented at 22nd Annual Congress, Munich, Germany

Background: Vitamin D is implicated in the expression of childhood asthma but it is difficult to pick apart cause and effect from observational data. If lack of vitamin D is secondary to a sedentary lifestyle then weather patterns should not effect a... Read More about Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine.

Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals (2013)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Nixon, N. B., Emes, R. D., Haworth, K. E., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2013). Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Epigenetics, 8(11), 1188-1197. https://doi.org/10.4161/epi.26265

Multiple reports now describe changes to the DNA methylome in rheumatoid arthritis and in many cases have analyzed methylation in mixed cell populations from whole blood. However, these approaches may preclude the identification of cell type-specific... Read More about Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals.

Antiepileptic drugs and the fetal epigenome (2012)
Journal Article
Emes, R. D., Clifford, H., Haworth, K. E., Farrell, W. E., Fryer, A. A., Carroll, W. D., …KM, I. (2013). Antiepileptic drugs and the fetal epigenome. Epilepsia, 54(1), e16-e19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03673.x

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can lower maternal folate and increase maternal homocysteine levels, which are known to affect the methyl cycle and hence DNA methylation levels. The influence of in utero exposure to AEDs on fetal DNA methylation was inves... Read More about Antiepileptic drugs and the fetal epigenome.

Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study (2007)
Journal Article
Kapoor, B., Dunlop, C., Wynn-Jones, C., Fryer, A. A., Strange, R. C., & Maffulli, N. (2007). Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study. Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine, 6, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-6-7

We investigated the association of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and primary protrusion acetabuli (PPA) with Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms Taq I and Fok I and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms Pvu II and Xba I. 45 patients with DDH and 2... Read More about Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study.