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Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women.

Heald, Adrian; Laing, Ian; McLernon, David J.; Donn, Rachelle; Hartland, Andrew J.; Fryer, Anthony A.; Livingston, Mark

Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. Thumbnail


Authors

Adrian Heald

Ian Laing

David J. McLernon

Rachelle Donn

Andrew J. Hartland

Mark Livingston



Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using laboratory data from a Midlands UK population of mixed ethnicity, we examined the relation between blood concentrations of SHBG and IMD in 1160 women aged between 17 and 71 years. Women with a serum SHBG >250 nmol/L were excluded. RESULTS: Mean age was 28.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.2-29.1) years. 48.2% of women were of Caucasian origin, 15.5% of Southern Asian ethnicity and 2.6% were of African or other origin (33.7% were of unknown origin). SHBG increased with age (Spearman's ?=0.195; p<0.001). A higher proportion of women of South Asian origin versus other ethnic groups had an SHBG <30 nmol/L (OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.37-2.71)). SHBG level was lower in individuals with greater socioeconomic disadvantage as measured by IMD (Spearman's ?= -0.09; p=0.004 for SHBG versus IMD). In multivariate logistic regression, IMD women in the quartiles 2-5 (higher socioeconomic disadvantage) were more likely to have an SHBG <30 nmol/L (compatible with significant insulin resistance) versus quartile 1 (odds ratio (OR) 1.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.53), adjusted for age (OR=0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98)) and ethnicity (for South Asian ethnicity OR=2.00 (95% CI 1.42-2.81) versus the rest). CONCLUSION: Lower SHBG levels in women are associated with a higher level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Given the known association between lower SHBG and higher plasma glucose, our findings suggest a link between socioeconomic disadvantage and future risk of type 2 diabetes.

Citation

Heald, A., Laing, I., McLernon, D. J., Donn, R., Hartland, A. J., Fryer, A. A., & Livingston, M. (2017). Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010001

Acceptance Date Dec 28, 2016
Publication Date Mar 13, 2017
Journal The Open Biochemistry Journal
Print ISSN 1874-091X
Publisher Bentham Open
Pages 1 - 7
DOI https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010001
Keywords BMI, Ethnicity, Index of multiple deprivation, Sex hormone binding globulin, Type 2 diabetes, Women
Publisher URL https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOBIOCJ-11-1

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