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Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0–3 years across three countries (2025)
Journal Article
Nizar Merchant, A., Kaur, R., McCray, G., Cavallera, V., Weber, A., Gladstone, M., …Lancaster, G. (in press). Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0–3 years across three countries. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 11(1), Article 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-024-01583-4

Background: To assess the neurodevelopment of children under three years, a multinational team of subject matter experts (SMEs) led by the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED). The measures include... Read More about Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0–3 years across three countries.

Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0-3 years across three countries. (2025)
Journal Article
Merchant, A. N., Kaur, R., McCray, G., Cavallera, V., Weber, A., Gladstone, M., …Lancaster, G. (in press). Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0-3 years across three countries. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 11, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.60692/gf3pc-gbc92

Background
To assess the neurodevelopment of children under three years, a multinational team of subject matter experts (SMEs) led by the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED). The measures include... Read More about Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0-3 years across three countries..

Investigating the accuracy of adjusting for examiner differences in multi-centre Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs). A simulation study of video-based Examiner Score Comparison and Adjustment (VESCA) (2024)
Journal Article
Yeates, P., & McCray, G. (in press). Investigating the accuracy of adjusting for examiner differences in multi-centre Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs). A simulation study of video-based Examiner Score Comparison and Adjustment (VESCA). BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 1466. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06462-3

Introduction: Ensuring examiner equivalence across distributed assessment locations is a priority within distributed Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs) but is challenging as examiners are typically fully nested within locations (i.e. no over... Read More about Investigating the accuracy of adjusting for examiner differences in multi-centre Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs). A simulation study of video-based Examiner Score Comparison and Adjustment (VESCA).

Enhancing comparability in early child development assessment with the D-score (2024)
Journal Article
van Buuren, S., Eekhout, I., McCray, G., Lancaster, G. A., Waldman, M. R., McCoy, D. C., …Black, M. M. (in press). Enhancing comparability in early child development assessment with the D-score. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650254241294033

The lack of a valid and interpretable score to track early child development over time is a primary reason for neglecting child development in policymaking. Many instruments exist, but there is no accepted method for comparing their scores across dif... Read More about Enhancing comparability in early child development assessment with the D-score.

A non-specialist worker delivered digital assessment of cognitive development (DEEP) in young children: a longitudinal validation study in rural India (2024)
Working Paper
Bhavnani, S., Ranjan, A., Mukherjee, D., Divan, G., Prakash, A., Yadav, A., …McCray, G. A non-specialist worker delivered digital assessment of cognitive development (DEEP) in young children: a longitudinal validation study in rural India

Background Cognitive development in early childhood is critical for life-long well-being. Existing cognitive development surveillance tools require lengthy parental interviews and observations of children. Developmental Assessment on an E-Platform (D... Read More about A non-specialist worker delivered digital assessment of cognitive development (DEEP) in young children: a longitudinal validation study in rural India.

Predictors of change in early child development among children with stunting: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial in Uganda (2024)
Journal Article
Mbabazi, J., Pesu, H., Mutumba, R., McCray, G., Ritz, C., Filteau, S., …Olsen, M. F. (in press). Predictors of change in early child development among children with stunting: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial in Uganda. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003456

Millions of children under 5 years in low- and middle-income countries fail to attain their development potential with accruing short- and long-term consequences. Low length/height for age (stunting) is known to be a key factor, but there is little d... Read More about Predictors of change in early child development among children with stunting: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial in Uganda.

Inter-school variations in the standard of examiners’ graduation-level OSCE judgements (2024)
Journal Article
Yeates, P., Maluf, A., McCray, G., Kinston, R., Cope, N., Cullen, K., …McKinley, R. (2024). Inter-school variations in the standard of examiners’ graduation-level OSCE judgements. Medical Teacher, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2024.2372087

Introduction
Ensuring equivalence in high-stakes performance exams is important for patient safety and candidate fairness. We compared inter-school examiner differences within a shared OSCE and resulting impact on students’ pass/fail categorisation.... Read More about Inter-school variations in the standard of examiners’ graduation-level OSCE judgements.

Scalable Transdiagnostic Early Assessment of Mental Health (STREAM): a study protocol. (2024)
Journal Article
Williams, E. H., Thompson, N. M., McCray, G., Crespo-Llado, M. M., Bhavnani, S., Gajria, D., …Chakrabarti, B. (2024). Scalable Transdiagnostic Early Assessment of Mental Health (STREAM): a study protocol. BMJ Open, 14(6), Article e088263. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088263

Early childhood development forms the foundations for functioning later in life. Thus, accurate monitoring of developmental trajectories is critical. However, such monitoring often relies on time-intensive assessments which necessitate administration... Read More about Scalable Transdiagnostic Early Assessment of Mental Health (STREAM): a study protocol..

A new measure of exercise adherence: the ATEMPT (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool) (2023)
Journal Article
Bailey, D. L., Bishop, A., McCray, G., Foster, N. E., & Holden, M. A. (2023). A new measure of exercise adherence: the ATEMPT (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(2), bjsports-2022-106347. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106347

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) develop a new measure of adherence to exercise for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool: ATEMPT) based on previously conceptualised domains of exercise adherence, (2) repo... Read More about A new measure of exercise adherence: the ATEMPT (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool).

Using video-based examiner score comparison and adjustment (VESCA) to compare the influence of examiners at different sites in a distributed objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) (2023)
Journal Article
Yeates, P., Maluf, A., Cope, N., McCray, G., McBain, S., Beardow, D., …McKinley, R. B. (2023). Using video-based examiner score comparison and adjustment (VESCA) to compare the influence of examiners at different sites in a distributed objective structured clinical exam (OSCE). BMC Medical Education, 23(1), Article 803. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04774-4

Purpose: Ensuring equivalence of examiners’ judgements within distributed objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs) is key to both fairness and validity but is hampered by lack of cross-over in the performances which different groups of examiners o... Read More about Using video-based examiner score comparison and adjustment (VESCA) to compare the influence of examiners at different sites in a distributed objective structured clinical exam (OSCE).

Autistic traits modulate the influence of face masks on gaze perception (2023)
Journal Article
Williams, E. H., Thompson, N. M., McCray, G., & Chakrabarti, B. (in press). Autistic traits modulate the influence of face masks on gaze perception. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 14921. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41900-0

Detecting when others are looking at us is a crucial social skill. Accordingly, a range of gaze angles is perceived as self-directed; this is termed the “cone of direct gaze” (CoDG). Multiple cues, such as nose and head orientation, are integrated du... Read More about Autistic traits modulate the influence of face masks on gaze perception.

Development and validation of a short form psychometric tool assessing the caregiving Challenge of Living with Cystic Fibrosis (CLCF-SF) in a child. (2023)
Journal Article
McCray, G., Hope, H. F., Glasscoe, C., Hill, J., Quittner, A., Southern, K. W., …Lancaster, G. A. (in press). Development and validation of a short form psychometric tool assessing the caregiving Challenge of Living with Cystic Fibrosis (CLCF-SF) in a child. Psychology & Health, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2023.2231489

Caring for a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rigorous daily commitment for caregivers and treatment burden is a major concern. We aimed to develop and validate a short form version of a 46-item tool assessing the Challenge of Living with Cystic... Read More about Development and validation of a short form psychometric tool assessing the caregiving Challenge of Living with Cystic Fibrosis (CLCF-SF) in a child..

Effect of Milk Protein and Whey Permeate in Large-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement on Early Child Development among Children with Stunting: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Trial in Uganda (2023)
Journal Article
Mbabazi, J., Pesu, H., Mutumba, R., McCray, G., Michaelsen, K. F., Ritz, C., …Olsen, M. F. (2023). Effect of Milk Protein and Whey Permeate in Large-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement on Early Child Development among Children with Stunting: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Trial in Uganda. Nutrients, 15(12), Article 2659. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122659

Stunting affects 22% children globally, putting them at risk of adverse outcomes including delayed development. We investigated the effect of milk protein (MP) vs. soy and whey permeate (WP) vs. maltodextrin in large-quantity, lipid-based nutrient su... Read More about Effect of Milk Protein and Whey Permeate in Large-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement on Early Child Development among Children with Stunting: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Trial in Uganda.

Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries (2023)
Journal Article
Cavallera, V., Lancaster, G., Gladstone, M., Black, M., McCray, G., Nizar, A., …Janus, M. (2023). Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries. BMJ Open, 13(1), Article e062562. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062562

Introduction: Children’s early development is affected by caregiving experiences, with lifelong health and well-being implications. Governments and civil societies need population-based measures to monitor children’s early development and ensure that... Read More about Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries.

The creation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children aged 0–3 years: combining subject matter expert judgements with big data (2023)
Journal Article
McCray, G., McCoy, D., Kariger, P., Janus, M., Black, M. M., Chang, S. M., …Gladstone, M. (2023). The creation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children aged 0–3 years: combining subject matter expert judgements with big data. BMJ Global Health, 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009827

INTRODUCTION: With the ratification of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is an increased emphasis on early childhood development (ECD) and well-being. The WHO led Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) project aims to provide population an... Read More about The creation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children aged 0–3 years: combining subject matter expert judgements with big data.

An exploratory analysis of revision behavior development of L2 writers on an intensive English for academic purposes program using Bayesian methods (2023)
Journal Article
Mazgutova, D., & McCray, G. (2023). An exploratory analysis of revision behavior development of L2 writers on an intensive English for academic purposes program using Bayesian methods. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.934583

<jats:p>Revision is a fundamental part of the writing process and is particularly important in the production of high-quality academic writing. This study is an <jats:italic>exploratory</jats:italic> examination of changes in revision behavior, as me... Read More about An exploratory analysis of revision behavior development of L2 writers on an intensive English for academic purposes program using Bayesian methods.

Enhancing authenticity, diagnosticity and equivalence (AD-Equiv) in multicentre OSCE exams in health professionals education: protocol for a complex intervention study. (2022)
Journal Article
Yeates, P., Maluf, A., Kinston, R., Cope, N., McCray, G., Cullen, K., …Wong, G. (2022). Enhancing authenticity, diagnosticity and equivalence (AD-Equiv) in multicentre OSCE exams in health professionals education: protocol for a complex intervention study. BMJ Open, 12(12), Article e064387. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064387

INTRODUCTION: Objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs) are a cornerstone of assessing the competence of trainee healthcare professionals, but have been criticised for (1) lacking authenticity, (2) variability in examiners' judgements which can cha... Read More about Enhancing authenticity, diagnosticity and equivalence (AD-Equiv) in multicentre OSCE exams in health professionals education: protocol for a complex intervention study..

implementation of an intensive second language reading intervention program for Arabic L1 learners of English as a foreign language (2022)
Journal Article
Joan Oakley, M., Kormos, J., & McCray, G. (2022). implementation of an intensive second language reading intervention program for Arabic L1 learners of English as a foreign language. Instructed Second Language Acquisition, 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1558/isla.18885

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of focused reading interventions on the eye movement patterns and reading scores of second language (L2) learners. We compared two groups of proficiency matched Arabic L2 learners before and after... Read More about implementation of an intensive second language reading intervention program for Arabic L1 learners of English as a foreign language.