Broberg and Fenger on Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice, 3rd edn
(2022)
Journal Article
Cotter, J. (2022). Broberg and Fenger on Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice, 3rd edn. European Law Review, 586 - 588
Outputs (31)
The Steadying Effect of Law-Conditioned Officials (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Steadying Effect of Law-Conditioned Officials. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00010This chapter, the first in Part I, discusses the role of judges' legal educational and professional backgrounds in steadying their judicial decisions. The chapter commences by acknowledging a significant obstacle to legal certainty: that the pressure... Read More about The Steadying Effect of Law-Conditioned Officials.
Appendix 1: Legal Education and Training of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 1: Legal Education and Training of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00025This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 1: Legal Education and Training of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC.
Appendix 10: Level of Law Conditioning of the Judges of the Court of Justice (1952-Present) (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 10: Level of Law Conditioning of the Judges of the Court of Justice (1952-Present). . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00034This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 10: Level of Law Conditioning of the Judges of the Court of Justice (1952-Present).
Appendix 2: Legal Education and Training of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 2: Legal Education and Training of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00026This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 2: Legal Education and Training of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.
Appendix 3: Legal Education and Training of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 3: Legal Education and Training of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00027This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 3: Legal Education and Training of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.
Appendix 4: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 4: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00028This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 4: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC.
Appendix 5: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 5: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00029This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 5: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.
Appendix 6: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 6: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00030This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 6: Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU.
Appendix 7: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC at the Date of Appointment (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 7: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC at the Date of Appointment. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00031This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 7: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Article 32 ECSC at the Date of Appointment.
Appendix 8: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 8: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00032This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 8: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Former Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment.
Appendix 9: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Appendix 9: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00033This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Appendix 9: Approximate Length of Post-Educational Active Work in Some Aspect of the Law of the Current Judges of the Court of Justice Appointed Pursuant to Now Article 253 TFEU at the Date of Appointment.
Bibliography (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Bibliography. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00035
Conclusion (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Conclusion. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00024
Index (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Index. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00036This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Index.
Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure (2022)
Book
Cotter, J. (2022). Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559This forward-thinking book examines numerous features in the European Union (EU) legal system that serve to reduce legal uncertainty in the preliminary reference procedure and the rulings of the Court of Justice. Drawing on theories from legal realis... Read More about Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure.
Obstacles to Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Obstacles to Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00006This chapter establishes the meaning of the concept of legal certainty and its constituent value, predictability, in the EU legal system, before identifying obstacles to legal certainty in the general sense and in the specific case of EU legal system... Read More about Obstacles to Legal Certainty in the Preliminary Reference Procedure.
Steadying Factors in Deliberative and Decision-making Procedures (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Steadying Factors in Deliberative and Decision-making Procedures. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00023This chapter, the final chapter in Part III, considers the role of the final stage of a preliminary reference (the deliberation and decision stage) in promoting legal certainty. The final two of Llewellyn's 'steadying factors' categorised in this boo... Read More about Steadying Factors in Deliberative and Decision-making Procedures.
Steadying Factors in the Article 267 TFEU Preliminary Reference Procedure (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Steadying Factors in the Article 267 TFEU Preliminary Reference Procedure. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00007This chapter seeks to identify steadying factors, a concept borrowed from the American legal realist Karl Llewellyn, that contribute to reducing the impact of obstacles to legal certainty. This chapter describes Llewellyn's 'descriptive thesis' in hi... Read More about Steadying Factors in the Article 267 TFEU Preliminary Reference Procedure.
Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 1 (Legal and Acceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 1 (Legal and Acceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00014This chapter tests the hypothesis established in Chapter 6 by exploring the likelihood of the Court of Justice's countervailing powers employing countermeasures where the Court renders a ‘scenario 1' rulings. These are rulings that adhere to the le... Read More about Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 1 (Legal and Acceptable) Rulings.
Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 3 (Illegal, but Acceptable) and Scenario 4 (Illegal and Unacceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 3 (Illegal, but Acceptable) and Scenario 4 (Illegal and Unacceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00017This chapter, the final chapter in Part II, to test the hypothesis established in Chapter 6, analyses the extent to which the Court of Justice will become vulnerable to countervailing power countermeasures in circumstances where it ceases to act judi... Read More about Susceptibility to Countermeasures for Scenario 3 (Illegal, but Acceptable) and Scenario 4 (Illegal and Unacceptable) Rulings.
Susceptibility to Lawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Lawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00015This chapter, to test the hypothesis established in Chapter 6, examines the extent to which the Court of Justice's countervailing powers may utilise lawful court-destroying, -harming, -curbing, or accountability measures where the Court adheres to le... Read More about Susceptibility to Lawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings.
Susceptibility to Unlawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). Susceptibility to Unlawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00016This chapter, to test the hypothesis established in Chapter 6, examines the extent to which the Court of Justice's countervailing powers may utilise unlawful court-destroying, -harming, -curbing, or accountability measures where the Court adheres to... Read More about Susceptibility to Unlawful Countermeasures for Scenario 2 (Legal, but Unacceptable) Rulings.
The Argument and First Principles (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Argument and First Principles. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00008This chapter describes the argument advanced in this book, as well the 'first principles' (working assumptions) that underpin that argument. Thereafter, a brief note of the structural overview of the argument in this book is provided. Finally, there... Read More about The Argument and First Principles.
The Judges of the Court of Justice and Law Conditioning (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Judges of the Court of Justice and Law Conditioning. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00011This chapter, the final chapter in Part I, considers the education, training, and professional backgrounds of all former and present Judges of the Court of Justice and its predecessor to assess the extent to which those Judges may be described as law... Read More about The Judges of the Court of Justice and Law Conditioning.
The Order for Reference as Steadying Factor I: Issues Limited, Sharpened, and Phrased in Advance (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Order for Reference as Steadying Factor I: Issues Limited, Sharpened, and Phrased in Advance. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00019This chapter, the first in Part III, considers the role of the first of six procedural steadying factors (examined in Chapters 11-15) in contributing to steadying preliminary rulings: issues Limited, sharpened, and phrased in advance'. The chapter de... Read More about The Order for Reference as Steadying Factor I: Issues Limited, Sharpened, and Phrased in Advance.
The Order for Reference as Steadying Factor II: A Frozen Record from Below (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Order for Reference as Steadying Factor II: A Frozen Record from Below. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00020In this chapter, it is argued that the Order for Reference, in a manner consistent with Karl Llewellyn's seventh steadying factor ('a frozen record from below') serves to narrow the decisional discretion of the Court of Justice by removing from its d... Read More about The Order for Reference as Steadying Factor II: A Frozen Record from Below.
The Steadying Effect of A Known Bench (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Steadying Effect of A Known Bench. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00022This chapter examines Karl Llewellyn's twelfth steadying factor, a 'known bench', in the context of how it might contribute to steadying outcomes in the preliminary reference procedure. The chapter commences with a brief description of Llewellyn's id... Read More about The Steadying Effect of A Known Bench.
The Steadying Effect of an Independence-Accountability Balance: A Hypothesis (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Steadying Effect of an Independence-Accountability Balance: A Hypothesis. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00013This chapter, the first in Part II, presents a hypothesis (analysed in Chapters 7-10), which suggests the balance between independence and accountability at the CJEU contributes to steadying its rulings. The chapter commences with a description of Ll... Read More about The Steadying Effect of an Independence-Accountability Balance: A Hypothesis.
The Steadying Effect of Argument before the Court of Justice (2022)
Book Chapter
Cotter, J. (2022). The Steadying Effect of Argument before the Court of Justice. . Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979559.00021This chapter considers the utility of argument, both written and oral, before the Court of Justice in the preliminary reference procedure to reckonability of outcome. The chapter commences with a brief discussion of Karl Llewellyn's ninth steadying f... Read More about The Steadying Effect of Argument before the Court of Justice.
To Everything There is a Season: Instrumentalising Article 10 TEU to Exclude Undemocratic Member State Representatives from the European Council and the Council (2022)
Journal Article
Cotter, J. (2022). To Everything There is a Season: Instrumentalising Article 10 TEU to Exclude Undemocratic Member State Representatives from the European Council and the Council. European Law Review, 47(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4032080This paper presents the argument that art. 10 TEU could be utilised to confront the problem of undemocratic Member State representatives in the European Council and the Council. First, it is contended that art. 10(2) TEU, read with the principle of r... Read More about To Everything There is a Season: Instrumentalising Article 10 TEU to Exclude Undemocratic Member State Representatives from the European Council and the Council.