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Outputs (170)

The INSIGHT project: reflections on the co-production of a quality recognition programme to showcase excellence in public involvement in health and care research (2023)
Journal Article

Background: The quality of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in healthcare research varies considerably and is frequently tokenistic. We aimed to co-produce the Insight | Public Involvement Quality Recognition and Awards programme, based on the UK... Read More about The INSIGHT project: reflections on the co-production of a quality recognition programme to showcase excellence in public involvement in health and care research.

The INSIGHT project: reflections on the co-production of a quality recognition programme to showcase excellence in public involvement in health and care research (2023)
Journal Article

Background The quality of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in healthcare research varies considerably and is frequently tokenistic. We aimed to co-produce the Insight | Public Involvement Quality Recognition and Awards programme, based on the UK... Read More about The INSIGHT project: reflections on the co-production of a quality recognition programme to showcase excellence in public involvement in health and care research.

Is the Current Cut Point for Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Correct for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in Premenopausal Women? Evidence to Inform Discussion (2023)
Journal Article

Women are on average diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at later age than men but have higher mortality. As the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is primarily based on HbA1c, the use of a non-specific reference range and cut point for diabetes mellitus th... Read More about Is the Current Cut Point for Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Correct for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in Premenopausal Women? Evidence to Inform Discussion.

Failure to control conventional cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes might explain worse mortality (2023)
Journal Article

Introduction: The standardised mortality rate (SMR) for people with diabetes in England is 1.5–1.7, with differences in outcomes between sexes. There has been little work examining the factors that could have an impact on this or on what may determin... Read More about Failure to control conventional cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes might explain worse mortality.

The Utility of Salivary Cortisone in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Adrenal Incidentalomas (2023)
Journal Article

BackgroundGuidelines recommend the assessment of cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI) using the overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST). This requires attendance to a health care facility and venepuncture. Alternat... Read More about The Utility of Salivary Cortisone in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Adrenal Incidentalomas.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HbA1c Testing: Prioritization of High-Risk Cases and Impact of Social Deprivation (2023)
Journal Article

INTRODUCTION: Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected people with diabetes and those from disadvantaged backgrounds. During the first 6 months of the UK lockdown,?>?6.6 M glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) tests were missed. We... Read More about The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HbA1c Testing: Prioritization of High-Risk Cases and Impact of Social Deprivation.

Evaluation of thyroid function monitoring in people treated with lithium: Advice based on real‐world data (2023)
Journal Article

INTRODUCTION: Blood test monitoring is essential for management of lithium treatment and NICE guidance recommends 6-monthly serum testing of thyroid function. We examined conformity to these guidelines and impact of monitoring outside these intervals... Read More about Evaluation of thyroid function monitoring in people treated with lithium: Advice based on real‐world data.

Health Inequality and its link to HbA1c Test Recovery in a Developed Health Economy: In a 'Nearly Post COVID-19' World (2022)
Presentation / Conference

Background: We previously showed that in first 6 months of the UK Covid-19(C19) pandemic >6.6million HbA1c tests were missed, including 1.4million in people with diabetes(DM). Furthermore, C19 more significantly impacts people with DM / socioeconomic... Read More about Health Inequality and its link to HbA1c Test Recovery in a Developed Health Economy: In a 'Nearly Post COVID-19' World.

Speed of recovery of testing for management of diabetes in the aftermath of COVID-19 is slower in areas of greater social deprivation: findings from a UK study (2022)
Presentation / Conference

Background and aims: We have previously shown that, during the first 6 months of the UK COVID-19-associated lockdown, >6.6M HbA1c tests were missed/delayed, including 1.41M missed/delayed in people with diabetes (0.51M in those with suboptimal contro... Read More about Speed of recovery of testing for management of diabetes in the aftermath of COVID-19 is slower in areas of greater social deprivation: findings from a UK study.

Variability in test interval is linked to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectory over time in people with diabetes (2022)
Presentation / Conference

Introduction: Frequency of HbA1c testing links to outcome in terms of HbA1c control in diabetes. The influence of the variability of test-retest interval on HbA1c change needs to be determined. Methods: HbA1c results were collected from laboratory... Read More about Variability in test interval is linked to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectory over time in people with diabetes.

Adrenal Incidentaloma: Prevalence and Referral Patterns From Routine Practice in a Large UK University Teaching Hospital (2021)
Journal Article

Context: Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are increasingly being identified during unrelated imaging. Unlike AI clinical management, data on referral patterns in routine practice are lacking. Objective: This work aimed to identify factors associated with... Read More about Adrenal Incidentaloma: Prevalence and Referral Patterns From Routine Practice in a Large UK University Teaching Hospital.

The Variability In Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Testing Interval In People With Diabetes Is Linked To Long-Term Diabetes Control, Independent of HbA1c Test Interval (2021)
Journal Article

Worldwide guidance advocates regular HbA1c testing for people with diabetes mellitus, usually 2-4/yr. We previously showed that HbA1c testing frequency is linked to outcome in terms of HbA1c control. Here we examine the effect of variability (standar... Read More about The Variability In Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Testing Interval In People With Diabetes Is Linked To Long-Term Diabetes Control, Independent of HbA1c Test Interval.

Assessment of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK HbA1c testing: implications for diabetes management and diagnosis. (2021)
Journal Article

AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic, and the focus on mitigating its effects, has disrupted diabetes healthcare services worldwide. We aimed to quantify the effect of the pandemic on diabetes diagnosis/management, using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as surrog... Read More about Assessment of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK HbA1c testing: implications for diabetes management and diagnosis..

The pattern of testing for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in people with diabetes is linked to the long term trajectory of blood glucose control (2021)
Presentation / Conference

Background and aims: American Diabetes Association Guidelines (ADA) advocate testing “at least two times a year in patients who are meeting treatment goals” and “quarterly in patients who are not meeting glycaemic goals”. We previously described link... Read More about The pattern of testing for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in people with diabetes is linked to the long term trajectory of blood glucose control.

Novel HumanMethylatyion450 Analyses Reveal DNA Methylation Predictors of Future Diabetes Onset in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (2021)
Journal Article

Aims. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterised by ovarian morphological, systemic biochemical, and menstrual changes. Women with PCOS are at significantly increased risk of raised fasting glucose, impaired gluc... Read More about Novel HumanMethylatyion450 Analyses Reveal DNA Methylation Predictors of Future Diabetes Onset in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Inadequate post-partum screening for type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestation diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit of practice over 17 years. (2021)
Journal Article

INTRODUCTION: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are at greatly increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The UK guidance recommends screening for T2DM at around 6 weeks post-partum and annually thereafter. We evaluated conformity to this guidance... Read More about Inadequate post-partum screening for type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestation diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit of practice over 17 years..

Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results (2021)
Journal Article

Background The short synacthen test (SST) is the most commonly performed investigation to assess adrenal function. Appropriate criteria for when an SST is performed are subject to debate. We investigated how random serum cortisol levels relate to SST... Read More about Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results.

Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis (2021)
Journal Article

Objective Accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) enables clinical interventions/cardiometabolic risk factor management. Diagnosis can take over 2 years and multiple clinician contacts. We examined patterns of PCOS-associated biochem... Read More about Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis.

Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines (2021)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder is the fourth most common mental health condition, affecting ~?1% of UK adults. Lithium is an effective treatment for prevention of relapse and hospital admission, and is widely recommended as a first-line treatment. We p... Read More about Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines.

Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID-19-related infections, hospital admissions and mortality (2020)
Journal Article

Introduction The rapid spread of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV26 2/)(COVID-19) virus resulted in governments around the world instigating a range of measures, including mandating the wearing of... Read More about Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID-19-related infections, hospital admissions and mortality.

Patients with type 1 diabetes self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potential improved outcomes and numbers of potential areas for service improvement (2020)
Presentation / Conference

Aims Patient's own self-management of their type 1 diabetes has moved forward in many areas over the last 40 years. An examination of the observed variation within patients own treatment patterns might reveal valuable insights. Methods An electron... Read More about Patients with type 1 diabetes self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potential improved outcomes and numbers of potential areas for service improvement.

People with Type Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potentially improved outcomes and potential areas for service improvement (2020)
Journal Article

Background The self-management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has moved forward in many areas over the last 40 years. Our study asked people with T1DM what is their experience of blood glucose (BG) monitoring day to day and how this influences decisions... Read More about People with Type Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potentially improved outcomes and potential areas for service improvement.

The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions. (2020)
Journal Article

Recently, the UK's national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme produced recommendations for the management of incidental findings identified during the scans performed as part of the lung cancer screening programme. We identified significant discr... Read More about The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions..

Cost of hospital treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to the non-diabetes population: a detailed economic evaluation (2020)
Journal Article

OBJECTIVES: Other than age, diabetes is the largest contributor to overall healthcare costs and reduced life expectancy in Europe. This paper aims to more exactly quantify the net impact of diabetes on different aspects of healthcare provision in hos... Read More about Cost of hospital treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to the non-diabetes population: a detailed economic evaluation.

Applying Parkes Grid Method to Evaluate Impact of Variation in Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) Strip Accuracy Performance in Type 1 Diabetes Highlights the Potential for Amplification of Imprecision With Less Accurate BGM Strips (2020)
Journal Article

The National Health Service spends £170 million on blood glucose monitoring (BGM) strips each year and there are pressures to use cheaper less accurate strips. Technology is also being used to increase test frequency with less focus on accuracy. Pre... Read More about Applying Parkes Grid Method to Evaluate Impact of Variation in Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) Strip Accuracy Performance in Type 1 Diabetes Highlights the Potential for Amplification of Imprecision With Less Accurate BGM Strips.

Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice (2020)
Journal Article

Background United Kingdom national guidelines do not recommend routine testing for thyroid disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some studies suggest an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM. The aim of this study... Read More about Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice.

Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein (2020)
Journal Article

A monomeric form of C-reactive protein (CRP) which precipitates with cell wall pneumococcal C polysaccharide (CWPS) and retains the ability to reversibly bind to its ligand phosphocholine has been produced through urea-induced dissociation at an opti... Read More about Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein.

Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice (2019)
Journal Article

The above article from International Journal of Clinical Practice, published online on 7th December 2018 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Leslie... Read More about Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice.

Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes. (2019)
Journal Article

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate relative clinical effectiveness of treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a statistical model of real-world evidence within UK general practitioner practices (GPP), to quantify the opportunities for diabetes c... Read More about Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes..

SAT-371 Correlation of Midnight and Post Dexamethasone Salivary Cortisone and Cortisol with Post Dexamethasone Serum Cortisol Concentrations In Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas (2019)
Journal Article

Correlation between midnight and post dexamethasone salivary cortisone and cortisol and post dexamethasone serum cortisol concentrations in patients with unilateral and bilateral adrenal incidentalomas Background: The commonest functional abnormality... Read More about SAT-371 Correlation of Midnight and Post Dexamethasone Salivary Cortisone and Cortisol with Post Dexamethasone Serum Cortisol Concentrations In Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas.

SAT-372 Correlation of Serum Dexamethasone and Cortisol Concentrations Post Dexamethasone 1 Mg in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas (2019)
Journal Article

Background: The most common functional abnormality in adrenal incidentalomas (AI) is autonomous cortisol secretion. Most guidelines recommend a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST) as a screening test for this abnormality. There is s... Read More about SAT-372 Correlation of Serum Dexamethasone and Cortisol Concentrations Post Dexamethasone 1 Mg in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas.

More frequent lithium testing associates with lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder - what this tells us about GP practice engagement with this group (2019)
Presentation / Conference

Background and aims.– Lithium treatment is a cornerstone of bipolar affective disorder management. We determined how frequency of lithium level checks at GP (family) practice level relates to psychiatric admission rate for bipolar affective disord... Read More about More frequent lithium testing associates with lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder - what this tells us about GP practice engagement with this group.

Practice based analysis of Type 2 diabetes shows that patients’ own perceptions of support within primary care as per GP Patient Survey (GPPS) are as important as medication and services in improving Target Glycaemic Control (TGC-%HbA1c results ≤58mmol/mol) and reducing high glycaemic risk (HGR-%HbA1c results >86mmol/mol) as reported in the National Diabetes Audit (NDA) (2019)
Presentation / Conference

Aims: To evaluate the link between patients’ own perception of support within primary care and % patients in TGC and HGR groups, while allowing for local medication, services and demographics. Method: National Diabetes Audit (NDA) 2016–17 publishe... Read More about Practice based analysis of Type 2 diabetes shows that patients’ own perceptions of support within primary care as per GP Patient Survey (GPPS) are as important as medication and services in improving Target Glycaemic Control (TGC-%HbA1c results ≤58mmol/mol) and reducing high glycaemic risk (HGR-%HbA1c results >86mmol/mol) as reported in the National Diabetes Audit (NDA).

Differences in activity from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes linked at GP Practice level (GPP) to levels of glycaemic control as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) taken from National Diabetes Audit (NDA) allowing for age, social deprivation, gender and ethnicity of both populations (2019)
Presentation / Conference

Aims: To compare associated hospital activity between patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes and consider the impact of differing levels of glycaemic control on this difference, allowing for variation in local demographics. Me... Read More about Differences in activity from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes linked at GP Practice level (GPP) to levels of glycaemic control as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) taken from National Diabetes Audit (NDA) allowing for age, social deprivation, gender and ethnicity of both populations.

The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus. (2018)
Journal Article

Introduction: We previously showed, in patients with diabetes, that >50% of monitoring tests for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are outside recommended intervals and that this is linked to diabetes control. Here, we examined the impact of tests/year on... Read More about The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus..

Real-world practice level data analysis confirms link between variability within Blood Glucose Monitoring Strip (BGMS) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetes. (2018)
Journal Article

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to quantify the impact of Blood Glucose Monitoring Strips variability (BGMSV) at GP practice level on the variability of reported glycated haemoglobin (HbA1cV) levels. METHODS: Overall GP Practice BGMSV and HbA1cV were ca... Read More about Real-world practice level data analysis confirms link between variability within Blood Glucose Monitoring Strip (BGMS) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetes..

The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. (2018)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels have been associated with mortality in adult men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVES: To confirm the association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality and then determine wh... Read More about The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes..

Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin (2018)
Journal Article

Background Actinic keratoses (AK) are proliferations of neoplastic keratinocytes in the epidermis resulting from cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which are liable to transform into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Organ Transplant R... Read More about Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin.

Reduction of unnecessary N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tests: A further lesson in demand management (2018)
Journal Article

The number of laboratory tests performed in the UK is steadily increasing (average 8-10% year-on-year increase).1 Funding for these tests is not increasing at the same rate. Hence, considerable interest has focused on managing the demand for patholog... Read More about Reduction of unnecessary N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tests: A further lesson in demand management.

Real-world evidence confirms that increased blood glucose monitoring strip (BGMS) accuracy reduces glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variance (2018)
Presentation / Conference

Aim: An in silico study has reported a link between less accurate BGMS and poorer glycaemic control, leading to significant differences in both hyper- and hypoglycaemic events. Our aim was to see if we could detect this effect of BGMS accuracy on gly... Read More about Real-world evidence confirms that increased blood glucose monitoring strip (BGMS) accuracy reduces glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variance.

Real-world data analysis of general practice prescribing (GPP) to highlight the growing challenges in application of appropriate medication for Type 2 diabetes (2018)
Presentation / Conference

Objective: GP apply the wide variety of Type 2 diabetes medications at different rates. Our aim was to see if there are lessons to be learnt from analysing in detail these variations. Methods: England GPP and Quality Outcome Framework data over th... Read More about Real-world data analysis of general practice prescribing (GPP) to highlight the growing challenges in application of appropriate medication for Type 2 diabetes.

Maternal genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in gestational diabetes shows distinctive disease-associated changes relative to matched healthy pregnancies (2018)
Journal Article

Several recent reports have described associations between gestational diabetes (GDM) and changes to the epigenomic landscape where the DNA samples were derived from either cord or placental sources. We employed genome-wide 450K array analysis to det... Read More about Maternal genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in gestational diabetes shows distinctive disease-associated changes relative to matched healthy pregnancies.

Identification of rare diseases by screening a population selected on the basis of routine pathology results—the PATHFINDER project: lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester storage disease substudy (2018)
Journal Article

Aims Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol ester storage associated with hepatic disease, cirrhosis and accelerated atherosclerosis. Its prevalence in the general population, patients with dyslipida... Read More about Identification of rare diseases by screening a population selected on the basis of routine pathology results—the PATHFINDER project: lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester storage disease substudy.

HumanMethylation450K Array–Identified Biomarkers Predict Tumour Recurrence/Progression at Initial Diagnosis of High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2018)
Journal Article

Background: High-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) is a clinically unpredictable disease. Despite clinical risk estimation tools, many patients are undertreated with intra-vesical therapies alone, whereas others may be over-treated... Read More about HumanMethylation450K Array–Identified Biomarkers Predict Tumour Recurrence/Progression at Initial Diagnosis of High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Assessment of approaches to diagnosis and cardiometabolic monitoring in UK primary care (2017)
Journal Article

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. We examined the specific tests that are done in primary care to lead to the diagnosis of PCOS, and to support the diagno... Read More about Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Assessment of approaches to diagnosis and cardiometabolic monitoring in UK primary care.

Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: Lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit (2017)
Journal Article

Aims To determine the factors at general practice level that relate to glycaemic control outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Data were accessed from 4050 general practices (50% of total) covering 1.6 million patients with T2D... Read More about Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: Lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit.

Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus: implications of recent changes in diagnostic criteria and role of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (2017)
Journal Article

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; approximately 5% of pregnancies) represents the most important risk factor for development of later-onset diabetes mellitus. We examined concordance between GDM diagnosis defined using the original 1999 World Healt... Read More about Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus: implications of recent changes in diagnostic criteria and role of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

Monitoring Thyroid Function in Patients on Levothyroxine. Assessment of Conformity to National Guidance and Variability in Practice (2017)
Journal Article

With demand for endocrine tests steadily increasing year-on-year, we examined thyroid function test (TFT) frequencies in patients on levothyroxine replacement therapy to assess the effect of initial TFT results and request source on TFT re-testing in... Read More about Monitoring Thyroid Function in Patients on Levothyroxine. Assessment of Conformity to National Guidance and Variability in Practice.

Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. (2017)
Journal Article

OBJECTIVE: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:... Read More about Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women..

Socioeconomic deprivation as measured by the index of multiple deprivation and its association with low sex hormone binding globulin in women (2017)
Journal Article

Objective: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). Research Design and Meth... Read More about Socioeconomic deprivation as measured by the index of multiple deprivation and its association with low sex hormone binding globulin in women.

Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value (2017)
Presentation / Conference

Objectives: Studies have established that there is a clear link between monitoring frequency and diabetes control. Nevertheless, the wider question of optimum number of tests per year to attain target HbA1c remains unclear. Methods: Data on all Hb... Read More about Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value.

High rates of diabetes found in post-partum follow up of women with gestational diabetes, but screening rates still not high enough (2017)
Presentation / Conference

Background: Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) have elevated risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. NICE recommend women who develop GDM are screened 6 weeks post-partum and annually thereafter. Aims: To (i) evaluate conformity to guidan... Read More about High rates of diabetes found in post-partum follow up of women with gestational diabetes, but screening rates still not high enough.

Monitoring thyroid function in patients on levothyroxine: audit findings and suggested change in practice (2017)
Journal Article

With demand for endocrine tests steadily increasing year-on-year, review of requesting behaviour is very pertinent. A wealth of data now exists to suggest that there is a significant degree of unnecessary requesting of pathology tests,1-3 including e... Read More about Monitoring thyroid function in patients on levothyroxine: audit findings and suggested change in practice.

Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement (2017)
Journal Article

There is increasing evidence concerning adverse health consequences of low vitamin D levels. We determined whether there is any surrogate for measuring vitamin D in people older than 70 years and the relation between index of multiple deprivation (IM... Read More about Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement.

Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry (2016)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND: We aim to determine the prevalence of anemia in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and compare their clinical characteristics, management, and clinical outcomes to those without anemia in an unselected national ACS cohort. METHODS AND... Read More about Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry.

Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)
Journal Article

Aims/hypothesis: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multi-system disorder and a state of physiological insulin resistance. Our aim is to systematically evaluate and quantify the evidence on the relationship between pre-eclampsia and the future ris... Read More about Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

THE PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANAEMIA AMONG PATIENTS THAT PRESENT WITH ACS: INSIGHTS FROM THE UK MINAP REGISTRY (2016)
Journal Article

Background Data from both registry and post-hoc analysis of randomised controlled trials have suggested that the burden of anaemia among patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is significant. However, current guidelines fail to offer fi... Read More about THE PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANAEMIA AMONG PATIENTS THAT PRESENT WITH ACS: INSIGHTS FROM THE UK MINAP REGISTRY.

Genome-wide profiling in treatment-naive early rheumatoid arthritis reveals DNA methylome changes in T and B lymphocytes (2015)
Journal Article

Aim: Although aberrant DNA methylation has been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), no studies have interrogated this epigenetic modification in early disease. Following recent investigations of T and B lymphocytes in established disease, we now... Read More about Genome-wide profiling in treatment-naive early rheumatoid arthritis reveals DNA methylome changes in T and B lymphocytes.

DNA methylation profiling of synovial fluid FLS in rheumatoid arthritis reveals changes common with tissue-derived FLS (2015)
Journal Article

AIM: Alterations in DNA methylation contribute to the abnormal phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We profiled genome-wide DNA methylation in these cells from synovial fluid, a more readily ac... Read More about DNA methylation profiling of synovial fluid FLS in rheumatoid arthritis reveals changes common with tissue-derived FLS.

O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts (2015)
Journal Article

Background: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with RA display an aggressive, invasive phenotype and play a key role in joint destruction. Increasing evidence indicates that alterations to the epigenome, including DNA methylation, contr... Read More about O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts.

Timing of HbA1c pre-admission: impact on readmission and in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes (2015)
Presentation / Conference

Aims: Association between high HbA1c and risk of all-cause hospital admissions is recognised. We aimed to investigate the impact of HbA1c screening pre-admission the time of admission, on readmission rates and in-hospital mortality. Methods: Amongst... Read More about Timing of HbA1c pre-admission: impact on readmission and in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes.

Reduced Testing Frequency for Glycated Hemoglobin, HbA(1c), Is Associated With Deteriorating Diabetes Control (2014)
Journal Article

Objective: We previously showed that in patients with diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring outside international guidance on testing frequency is widespread. Here we examined the relationship between testing frequency and diabete... Read More about Reduced Testing Frequency for Glycated Hemoglobin, HbA(1c), Is Associated With Deteriorating Diabetes Control.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in rheumatoid arthritis identifies disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations (2014)
Journal Article

Changes to the DNA methylome have been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In previous work, we reported genome-wide methylation differences in T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte populations from healthy individuals. Now, using HumanMeth... Read More about Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in rheumatoid arthritis identifies disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations.

Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine (2014)
Presentation / Conference

Background: Vitamin D is implicated in the expression of childhood asthma but it is difficult to pick apart cause and effect from observational data. If lack of vitamin D is secondary to a sedentary lifestyle then weather patterns should not effect a... Read More about Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine.

263. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Distinct Changes in T- and B-Cell Populations from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2014)
Presentation / Conference

Background: DNA methylation is one of several epigenetic mechanisms that impacts on gene expression without underlying changes to the DNA sequence. Recent studies describe changes to the DNA methylome in RA. To date however, no systematic genome-wide... Read More about 263. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Distinct Changes in T- and B-Cell Populations from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals (2013)
Journal Article

Multiple reports now describe changes to the DNA methylome in rheumatoid arthritis and in many cases have analyzed methylation in mixed cell populations from whole blood. However, these approaches may preclude the identification of cell type-specific... Read More about Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals.

Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study (2007)
Journal Article

We investigated the association of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and primary protrusion acetabuli (PPA) with Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms Taq I and Fok I and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms Pvu II and Xba I. 45 patients with DDH and 2... Read More about Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study.

Maternal glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genotype is a specific predictor of phenotype in children with asthma. (2005)
Journal Article

Maternal factors are known to influence the heritability and expression of asthma and atopy. We report the association of maternal, paternal and proband GSTP1 genotype with lung function in 145 Caucasian children with asthma. GSTP1 Val105/Val105 and... Read More about Maternal glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genotype is a specific predictor of phenotype in children with asthma..

Prostate cancer risk: associations with ultraviolet radiation, tyrosinase and melanocortin-1 receptor genotypes (2001)
Journal Article

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation may reduce prostate cancer risk, suggesting that polymorphism in genes that mediate host pigmentation will be associated with susceptibility to this cancer. We studied 210 prostate cancer cases and 155 controls to de... Read More about Prostate cancer risk: associations with ultraviolet radiation, tyrosinase and melanocortin-1 receptor genotypes.

Simultaneous identification of GSTP1 Ile105-->Val105 and Ala114-->Val114 substitutions using an amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay: studies in patients with asthma (2001)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme GSTP1 utilizes byproducts of oxidative stress. We previously showed that alleles of GSTP1 that encode the Ile105-->Val105 substitution are associated with the asthma phenotypes of atopy and bronc... Read More about Simultaneous identification of GSTP1 Ile105-->Val105 and Ala114-->Val114 substitutions using an amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay: studies in patients with asthma.

Influence of polymorphisms at glutathione-S-transferase gene loci on allelic losses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas,Einfluss yon genpolymorphismen in den entgiftenden enzymen der glutathion-S-transferasen auf die chromosomale stabilitat yon plattenepithelkarzinomen im kopf-hals-bereich (1998)
Journal Article

Background: While cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption are the major risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer, it is assumed that genetic factors contribute to risk. Material and methods: We examined genotype frequencies... Read More about Influence of polymorphisms at glutathione-S-transferase gene loci on allelic losses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas,Einfluss yon genpolymorphismen in den entgiftenden enzymen der glutathion-S-transferasen auf die chromosomale stabilitat yon plattenepithelkarzinomen im kopf-hals-bereich.

Truncal site and detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms significantly reduce time to presentation of further primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. (1997)
Journal Article

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest cancer in Caucasians. Its incidence is rising and many patients develop multiple primary tumours at separate sites. Factors determining time between first primary tumour presentation and the next new primar... Read More about Truncal site and detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms significantly reduce time to presentation of further primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma..

Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome-P-450 polymorphism as risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. (1996)
Journal Article

Purpose While cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are recognized covariates for laryngeal carcinoma, the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the influence of polymorphism in carcinogen-metab... Read More about Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome-P-450 polymorphism as risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx..

Epithelial ovarian cancer: influence of polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci on p53 expression (1996)
Journal Article

The importance of polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1 and, cytochrome P450, CYP2D6 loci in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer has been assessed in two studies; firstly, a case-control study designed to determine the... Read More about Epithelial ovarian cancer: influence of polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci on p53 expression.

Allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 locus: interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 as risk factors for astrocytoma. (1996)
Journal Article

We describe studies to assess the influence of polymorphism in the human glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 gene on susceptibility to high grade astrocytoma. Immunohisto-chemical studies using a GSTM3-specific antiserum identified expression of the GSTM... Read More about Allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 locus: interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 as risk factors for astrocytoma..

Multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6, CYP1A1) polymorphisms influence tumour numbers and accrual. (1996)
Journal Article

The genetic factors that mediate the pathogenesis of multiple primary cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are largely unclear. Thus, some patients suffer many BCC (>30) and/or rapid accrual (number of tumours/year from first presentation) of furthe... Read More about Multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6, CYP1A1) polymorphisms influence tumour numbers and accrual..

Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase locus GSTM3: interactions with cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genotypes as risk factors for multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. (1996)
Journal Article

The influence of polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM3 gene on susceptibility to cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been investigated. We have reported previously two GSTM3 alleles, GSTM3*A and GSTM3*B, distinguished by a recogni... Read More about Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase locus GSTM3: interactions with cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genotypes as risk factors for multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinoma..

Glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cancer: studies of interactions with GSTM1 in lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers. (1996)
Journal Article

Allelism in glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 has been suggested as a risk factor in various cancers. Accordingly, we describe a group of case-control studies carried out to identify associations between GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to... Read More about Glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cancer: studies of interactions with GSTM1 in lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers..

Susceptibility to multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: significant interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genotypes, skin type and male gender. (1996)
Journal Article

The factors that determine development of single and multiple primary cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are unclear. We describe a case-control study firstly, to examine the influence of allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1... Read More about Susceptibility to multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: significant interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genotypes, skin type and male gender..

[Initial results of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and genetic predisposition for laryngeal carcinoma] (1995)
Journal Article

Background While cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked to laryngeal carcinoma, the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the role of allelism at glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1,... Read More about [Initial results of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and genetic predisposition for laryngeal carcinoma].

Susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. (1995)
Journal Article

The polymorphic glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci are attractive candidates for susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease because their enzymes catalyse the detoxification of products of oxidative stress and tobacco-derive... Read More about Susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes..

GSTM1 and CYP2D6 genotype frequencies in patients with pituitary tumours: effects on P53, ras and gsp. (1995)
Journal Article

We describe studies to determine if susceptibility to pituitary tumours is associated with the putatively high risk GSTM1 null and CYP2D6 EM genotypes. Frequency distributions of these genotypes were similar in cases and controls though the frequency... Read More about GSTM1 and CYP2D6 genotype frequencies in patients with pituitary tumours: effects on P53, ras and gsp..

Theta class glutathione s-transferase gstt1 genotypes and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia: Interactions with gstm1, cyp2d6 and smoking (1994)
Journal Article

The factors that determine progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor, suggesting polymorphism at loci that encode carcinogenmetabolizing enzymes such as gl... Read More about Theta class glutathione s-transferase gstt1 genotypes and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia: Interactions with gstm1, cyp2d6 and smoking.

Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer: interactions of cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 EM and glutathione s-transferase GSTM1 null genotypes and cigarette smoking. (1994)
Journal Article

The factors that determine progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical neoplasia, suggesting that polymorphism at detoxicating enzy... Read More about Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer: interactions of cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 EM and glutathione s-transferase GSTM1 null genotypes and cigarette smoking..

Alpha, Mu and Pi Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Synovium and Cultured Synovial Fibroblasts: Effects of Interleukin-1α, Hydrogen Peroxide and Inhibition of Eicosanoid Synthesis (1993)
Journal Article

We describe expression of alpha, mu and pi class glutathione S-transferases (GST) and, CuZn- and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in human synovium and cultured synovial fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting studies showed synovium and cul... Read More about Alpha, Mu and Pi Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Synovium and Cultured Synovial Fibroblasts: Effects of Interleukin-1α, Hydrogen Peroxide and Inhibition of Eicosanoid Synthesis.

Use of site-directed mutagenesis of allele-specific PCR primers to identify the GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B, GSTM1 A,B and GSTM1 null polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1 locus (1993)
Journal Article

We describe the identification of the GSTM1 null, GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B and GSTM1 A,B polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 locus using a single-step PCR method. Target DNA was amplified using primers to intron 6 and exon 7 with site-direct... Read More about Use of site-directed mutagenesis of allele-specific PCR primers to identify the GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B, GSTM1 A,B and GSTM1 null polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1 locus.

The glutathione S-transferases: polymerase chain reaction studies on the frequency of the GSTM1 0 genotype in patients with pituitary adenomas. (1993)
Journal Article

The frequency of the GSTM1 0 polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus has been determined in controls and patients with pituitary adenomas by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify genomic DNA in the exon 4–5 region of the gene.... Read More about The glutathione S-transferases: polymerase chain reaction studies on the frequency of the GSTM1 0 genotype in patients with pituitary adenomas..

GSTM1 null polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus: phenotype and genotype studies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. (1993)
Journal Article

Studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that the GSTM1 null phenotype at the mu (mu) class glutathione S-transferase 1 locus is associated with an increased predisposition to primary biliary cirrhosis. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to c... Read More about GSTM1 null polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus: phenotype and genotype studies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis..

Lipid peroxidation and expression of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in lungs of premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (1990)
Journal Article

The putative involvement of reactive oxygen species in the etiology of lung damage in infants receiving mechanical ventilation has been examined by comparing the levels of peroxidation and expression of the antioxidant enzymes, CuZn and Mn superoxide... Read More about Lipid peroxidation and expression of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in lungs of premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia..

The human glutathione S-transferases. Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of Alpha- and Pi-class isoenzymes in liver. (1988)
Journal Article

Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of the Alpha- and Pi-class glutathione S-transferases in human liver have shown that the Pi enzyme is expressed in bile-duct epithelium and some hepatocytes but not in haematopoietic cells.... Read More about The human glutathione S-transferases. Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of Alpha- and Pi-class isoenzymes in liver..

Studies on the developmental expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human heart and diaphragm. (1987)
Journal Article

The developmental expression of the basic near-neutral and acidic isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase (RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) has been studied in heart and diaphragm. Neither these enzymes nor the putative muscle-specific GST4... Read More about Studies on the developmental expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human heart and diaphragm..