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Outputs (168)

Counting the Lifetime Cost of Obesity: Analysis based on National England Data (2024)
Journal Article
Fryer, A. A., Heald, A., Stedman, M., Stedman, M., Davies, M. B., Rutter, M. K., …Whyte, M. (2024). Counting the Lifetime Cost of Obesity: Analysis based on National England Data. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(4), 1464-1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15447

Aim Obesity has a significant impact on all-cause mortality rate and overall health care resource use (HCRU). These outcomes are also strongly linked to age, sex and local deprivation of the population. We aimed to establish the lifetime costs of ob... Read More about Counting the Lifetime Cost of Obesity: Analysis based on National England Data.

Is the Current Cut Point for Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Correct for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in Premenopausal Women? Evidence to Inform Discussion (2023)
Journal Article
Holland, D., Fryer, A. A., Stedman, M., Hanna, F. W. F., Duff, C. J., Green, L., …Wu, P. (2023). Is the Current Cut Point for Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Correct for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in Premenopausal Women? Evidence to Inform Discussion. Diabetes Therapy, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-023-01482-6

Women are on average diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at later age than men but have higher mortality. As the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is primarily based on HbA1c, the use of a non-specific reference range and cut point for diabetes mellitus th... Read More about Is the Current Cut Point for Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Correct for Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in Premenopausal Women? Evidence to Inform Discussion.

Failure to control conventional cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes might explain worse mortality (2023)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Whyte, M. B., Laing, I., Fryer, A. A., Torres, B. M., Robinson, A., …Heald, A. H. (2023). Failure to control conventional cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes might explain worse mortality. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 39(8), Article e3695. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3695

Introduction: The standardised mortality rate (SMR) for people with diabetes in England is 1.5–1.7, with differences in outcomes between sexes. There has been little work examining the factors that could have an impact on this or on what may determin... Read More about Failure to control conventional cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes might explain worse mortality.

Diabetes detection in women with gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome (2023)
Journal Article
Hanna, F., Wu, P., Heald, A., & Fryer, A. (2023). Diabetes detection in women with gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ, 382, Article e071675. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071675

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) represent two of the highest risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young women. As these increasingly common conditions generally affect younger women, e... Read More about Diabetes detection in women with gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

The Utility of Salivary Cortisone in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Adrenal Incidentalomas (2023)
Journal Article
Issa, B. G., Hanna, F. W. F., Fryer, A. A., Ensah, G., Ebere, I., Marshall, D., & Keevil, B. (2023). The Utility of Salivary Cortisone in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Adrenal Incidentalomas. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(10), e937-e943. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad242

BackgroundGuidelines recommend the assessment of cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI) using the overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST). This requires attendance to a health care facility and venepuncture. Alternat... Read More about The Utility of Salivary Cortisone in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Adrenal Incidentalomas.

Quantifying the prevalence and impact of risk factors that might explain why women with type 2 diabetes have higher mortality rate than men of similar age using the retrospective data from Salford Hospital, England (2023)
Presentation / Conference
Whyte, M., Laing, I., Meza-Torres, B., Robinson, A., Fryer, A., & Heald, A. (2023, April). Quantifying the prevalence and impact of risk factors that might explain why women with type 2 diabetes have higher mortality rate than men of similar age using the retrospective data from Salford Hospital, England. Presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2023, Exhibition Centre Liverpool, Liverpool, England, UK

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HbA1c Testing: Prioritization of High-Risk Cases and Impact of Social Deprivation (2023)
Journal Article
Holland, D., Heald, A. H., Hanna, F. F., Stedman, M., Wu, P., Sim, J., …Fryer, A. A. (2023). The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HbA1c Testing: Prioritization of High-Risk Cases and Impact of Social Deprivation. Diabetes Therapy, 14, 691-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-023-01380-x

INTRODUCTION: Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected people with diabetes and those from disadvantaged backgrounds. During the first 6 months of the UK lockdown,?>?6.6 M glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) tests were missed. We... Read More about The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HbA1c Testing: Prioritization of High-Risk Cases and Impact of Social Deprivation.

Evaluation of thyroid function monitoring in people treated with lithium: Advice based on real‐world data (2023)
Journal Article
Duce, H. L., Duff, C. J., Zaidi, S., Parfitt, C., Heald, A. H., & Fryer, A. A. (2023). Evaluation of thyroid function monitoring in people treated with lithium: Advice based on real‐world data. Bipolar Disorders, 25(5), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13298

INTRODUCTION: Blood test monitoring is essential for management of lithium treatment and NICE guidance recommends 6-monthly serum testing of thyroid function. We examined conformity to these guidelines and impact of monitoring outside these intervals... Read More about Evaluation of thyroid function monitoring in people treated with lithium: Advice based on real‐world data.

Health Inequality and its link to HbA1c Test Recovery in a Developed Health Economy: In a 'Nearly Post COVID-19' World (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Heald, A., Holland, D., Duff, C. J., Scargill, J., Hanna, F., & Fryer, A. (2022, November). Health Inequality and its link to HbA1c Test Recovery in a Developed Health Economy: In a 'Nearly Post COVID-19' World. Poster presented at Society for Endocrinology BES 2022, Harrogate, United Kingdom

Background: We previously showed that in first 6 months of the UK Covid-19(C19) pandemic >6.6million HbA1c tests were missed, including 1.4million in people with diabetes(DM). Furthermore, C19 more significantly impacts people with DM / socioeconomic... Read More about Health Inequality and its link to HbA1c Test Recovery in a Developed Health Economy: In a 'Nearly Post COVID-19' World.

Speed of recovery of testing for management of diabetes in the aftermath of COVID-19 is slower in areas of greater social deprivation: findings from a UK study (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Holland, D., Heald, A., Hanna, F., Wu, P., & Fry, A. (2022, September). Speed of recovery of testing for management of diabetes in the aftermath of COVID-19 is slower in areas of greater social deprivation: findings from a UK study. Poster presented at 58 th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Stockholm, Sweden

Background and aims: We have previously shown that, during the first 6 months of the UK COVID-19-associated lockdown, >6.6M HbA1c tests were missed/delayed, including 1.41M missed/delayed in people with diabetes (0.51M in those with suboptimal contro... Read More about Speed of recovery of testing for management of diabetes in the aftermath of COVID-19 is slower in areas of greater social deprivation: findings from a UK study.

Variability in Test Interval Is Linked to Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Trajectory over Time (2022)
Journal Article
Fryer, A. A., Holland, D., Stedman, M., Duff, C. J., Green, L., Scargill, J., …Heald, A. H. (2022). Variability in Test Interval Is Linked to Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Trajectory over Time. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2022, 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7093707

Aims. We previously showed that the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing frequency links to diabetes control. Here, we examine the effect of variability in test interval, adjusted for the frequency, on change in HbA1c (delta HbA1c). Materials & Metho... Read More about Variability in Test Interval Is Linked to Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Trajectory over Time.

Variability in test interval is linked to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectory over time in people with diabetes (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Fryer, A., Holland, D., Stedman, M., Duff, C., Green, L., Scargill, J., …Heald, A. (2022, March). Variability in test interval is linked to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectory over time in people with diabetes. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2022, Hybrid/Online

Introduction: Frequency of HbA1c testing links to outcome in terms of HbA1c control in diabetes. The influence of the variability of test-retest interval on HbA1c change needs to be determined. Methods: HbA1c results were collected from laboratory... Read More about Variability in test interval is linked to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectory over time in people with diabetes.

Can we check serum lithium levels less often without compromising patient safety? (2021)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Holland, D., Stedman, M., Davies, M., Duff, C. J., Parfitt, C., …Fryer, A. A. (2021). Can we check serum lithium levels less often without compromising patient safety?. BJPsych Open, e18 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1027

BACKGROUND: Lithium is viewed as the first-line long-term treatment for prevention of relapse in people with bipolar disorder. AIMS: This study examined factors associated with the likelihood of maintaining serum lithium levels within the recomme... Read More about Can we check serum lithium levels less often without compromising patient safety?.

The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (2021)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Rea, R., Duff, C. J., Livingston, M., McLoughlin, K., Wong, L., …Heald, A. H. (2022). The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.302

BACKGROUND: Finger prick blood glucose (BG) monitoring remains a mainstay of management in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who take sulphonylurea (SU) drugs or insulin. We recently examined patient experience of BG monitoring in people with type 1... Read More about The experience of blood glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Adrenal Incidentaloma: Prevalence and Referral Patterns From Routine Practice in a Large UK University Teaching Hospital (2021)
Journal Article
Hanna, F. W. F., Hancock, S., George, C., Clark, A., Sim, J., Issa, B. G., …Fryer, A. A. (2022). Adrenal Incidentaloma: Prevalence and Referral Patterns From Routine Practice in a Large UK University Teaching Hospital. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab180

Context: Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are increasingly being identified during unrelated imaging. Unlike AI clinical management, data on referral patterns in routine practice are lacking. Objective: This work aimed to identify factors associated with... Read More about Adrenal Incidentaloma: Prevalence and Referral Patterns From Routine Practice in a Large UK University Teaching Hospital.

The Variability In Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Testing Interval In People With Diabetes Is Linked To Long-Term Diabetes Control, Independent of HbA1c Test Interval (2021)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Holland, D., Stedman, M., Duff, C. J., Green, L., Scargill, J., …Fryer, A. A. (in press). The Variability In Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Testing Interval In People With Diabetes Is Linked To Long-Term Diabetes Control, Independent of HbA1c Test Interval. Endocrine, https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.77.p64

Worldwide guidance advocates regular HbA1c testing for people with diabetes mellitus, usually 2-4/yr. We previously showed that HbA1c testing frequency is linked to outcome in terms of HbA1c control. Here we examine the effect of variability (standar... Read More about The Variability In Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) Testing Interval In People With Diabetes Is Linked To Long-Term Diabetes Control, Independent of HbA1c Test Interval.

Assessment of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK HbA1c testing: implications for diabetes management and diagnosis. (2021)
Journal Article
Holland, D., Heald, A. H., Stedman, M., Hanna, F., Wu, P., Duff, C., …Fryer, A. A. (2021). Assessment of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK HbA1c testing: implications for diabetes management and diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 76(3), https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207776

AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic, and the focus on mitigating its effects, has disrupted diabetes healthcare services worldwide. We aimed to quantify the effect of the pandemic on diabetes diagnosis/management, using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as surrog... Read More about Assessment of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK HbA1c testing: implications for diabetes management and diagnosis..

The pattern of testing for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in people with diabetes is linked to the long term trajectory of blood glucose control (2021)
Presentation / Conference
Fryer, A. . A., Holland, D., Duff, C. . J., & Heald, A. (2021, September). The pattern of testing for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in people with diabetes is linked to the long term trajectory of blood glucose control

Background and aims: American Diabetes Association Guidelines (ADA) advocate testing “at least two times a year in patients who are meeting treatment goals” and “quarterly in patients who are not meeting glycaemic goals”. We previously described link... Read More about The pattern of testing for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in people with diabetes is linked to the long term trajectory of blood glucose control.

Novel HumanMethylatyion450 Analyses Reveal DNA Methylation Predictors of Future Diabetes Onset in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (2021)
Journal Article
Kitchen, M., Manzur, A., Fryer, A., & Wu, P. (in press). Novel HumanMethylatyion450 Analyses Reveal DNA Methylation Predictors of Future Diabetes Onset in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Research Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-637359/v1

Aims. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterised by ovarian morphological, systemic biochemical, and menstrual changes. Women with PCOS are at significantly increased risk of raised fasting glucose, impaired gluc... Read More about Novel HumanMethylatyion450 Analyses Reveal DNA Methylation Predictors of Future Diabetes Onset in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Inadequate post-partum screening for type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestation diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit of practice over 17 years. (2021)
Journal Article
Ward, R. J., Fryer, A. A., Hanna, F. W., Spencer, N., Mahmood, M., Wu, P., …Duff, C. J. (2021). Inadequate post-partum screening for type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestation diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit of practice over 17 years. International Journal of Clinical Practice, e14447 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14447

INTRODUCTION: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are at greatly increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The UK guidance recommends screening for T2DM at around 6 weeks post-partum and annually thereafter. We evaluated conformity to this guidance... Read More about Inadequate post-partum screening for type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestation diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit of practice over 17 years..

Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results (2021)
Journal Article
Michaelidou, M., Yadegarfar, G., Morris, L., Dolan, S., Robinson, A., Naseem, A., …Heald, A. H. (2021). Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results. Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism, 10(2), 137 - 145. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000250

Background The short synacthen test (SST) is the most commonly performed investigation to assess adrenal function. Appropriate criteria for when an SST is performed are subject to debate. We investigated how random serum cortisol levels relate to SST... Read More about Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results.

Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis (2021)
Journal Article
Karia, A. M., Duff, C. J., Heald, A. H., Britton, I., Fryer, A. A., & Wu, P. (2021). Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis. Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism, 10(2), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1097/xce.0000000000000245

Objective Accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) enables clinical interventions/cardiometabolic risk factor management. Diagnosis can take over 2 years and multiple clinician contacts. We examined patterns of PCOS-associated biochem... Read More about Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis.

Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines (2021)
Journal Article
Parfitt, C., Duff, C. J., Scargill, J., Green, L., Holland, D., Heald, A. H., & Fryer, A. A. (2021). Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines. BMC Psychiatry, 21, Article 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03023-y

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder is the fourth most common mental health condition, affecting ~?1% of UK adults. Lithium is an effective treatment for prevention of relapse and hospital admission, and is widely recommended as a first-line treatment. We p... Read More about Serum lithium test requesting across three UK regions: an evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines.

Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID-19-related infections, hospital admissions and mortality (2020)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Stedman, M., Tian, Z., Wu, P., & Fryer, A. A. (2021). Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID-19-related infections, hospital admissions and mortality. International Journal of Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13768

Introduction The rapid spread of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV26 2/)(COVID-19) virus resulted in governments around the world instigating a range of measures, including mandating the wearing of... Read More about Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID-19-related infections, hospital admissions and mortality.

Patients with type 1 diabetes self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potential improved outcomes and numbers of potential areas for service improvement (2020)
Presentation / Conference
Stedman, M., Fryer, A., Duff, C., Gadsby, R., Rea, R., Grady, K., …Heald, A. (2020, September). Patients with type 1 diabetes self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potential improved outcomes and numbers of potential areas for service improvement. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2020

Aims Patient's own self-management of their type 1 diabetes has moved forward in many areas over the last 40 years. An examination of the observed variation within patients own treatment patterns might reveal valuable insights. Methods An electron... Read More about Patients with type 1 diabetes self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potential improved outcomes and numbers of potential areas for service improvement.

People with Type Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potentially improved outcomes and potential areas for service improvement (2020)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Rea, R., Duff, C., Livingston, M., McLoughlin, K., Wong, L., …Heald, A. (2020). People with Type Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potentially improved outcomes and potential areas for service improvement. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 170, Article 108479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108479

Background The self-management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has moved forward in many areas over the last 40 years. Our study asked people with T1DM what is their experience of blood glucose (BG) monitoring day to day and how this influences decisions... Read More about People with Type Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) self-reported views on their own condition management reveal links to potentially improved outcomes and potential areas for service improvement.

The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions. (2020)
Journal Article
Hussain, I., Fryer, A. A., Barnett, J., & Hanna, F. W. (2020). The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions. Clinical Medicine, e202 - e203. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0231

Recently, the UK's national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme produced recommendations for the management of incidental findings identified during the scans performed as part of the lung cancer screening programme. We identified significant discr... Read More about The national Targeted Lung Health Checks programme: Focusing on the lungs does not mean missing adrenal lesions..

Self-Reported Views on Managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2020)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Rea, R., Duff, C. J., Livingston, M., Brown, S., Grady, K., …Heald, A. H. (2021). Self-Reported Views on Managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 15(1), 198-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820937771

In the last 40 years, self–blood glucose monitoring (BGM) has revolutionized the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Glaser et al1 reported that lack of understanding of and/or frustration with complexity of insulin dose calculations may co... Read More about Self-Reported Views on Managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Cost of hospital treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to the non-diabetes population: a detailed economic evaluation (2020)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Lunt, M., Davies, M., Livingston, M., Duff, C., Fryer, A., …Heald, A. (2020). Cost of hospital treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to the non-diabetes population: a detailed economic evaluation. BMJ Open, 10(5), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033231

OBJECTIVES: Other than age, diabetes is the largest contributor to overall healthcare costs and reduced life expectancy in Europe. This paper aims to more exactly quantify the net impact of diabetes on different aspects of healthcare provision in hos... Read More about Cost of hospital treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to the non-diabetes population: a detailed economic evaluation.

Applying Parkes Grid Method to Evaluate Impact of Variation in Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) Strip Accuracy Performance in Type 1 Diabetes Highlights the Potential for Amplification of Imprecision With Less Accurate BGM Strips (2020)
Journal Article
Stedman, M., Rea, R., Duff, C. J., Livingston, M., Moreno, G., Gadsby, R., …Heald, A. H. (2021). Applying Parkes Grid Method to Evaluate Impact of Variation in Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) Strip Accuracy Performance in Type 1 Diabetes Highlights the Potential for Amplification of Imprecision With Less Accurate BGM Strips. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 15(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820905880

The National Health Service spends £170 million on blood glucose monitoring (BGM) strips each year and there are pressures to use cheaper less accurate strips. Technology is also being used to increase test frequency with less focus on accuracy. Pre... Read More about Applying Parkes Grid Method to Evaluate Impact of Variation in Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) Strip Accuracy Performance in Type 1 Diabetes Highlights the Potential for Amplification of Imprecision With Less Accurate BGM Strips.

Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice (2020)
Journal Article
Palit, T., Heald, A. H., Fryer, A. A., & Duff, C. J. (2020). Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 57(3), 242-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563220910772

Background United Kingdom national guidelines do not recommend routine testing for thyroid disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some studies suggest an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM. The aim of this study... Read More about Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice.

Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein (2020)
Journal Article
Williams, R. D., Moran, J. A., Fryer, A. A., Littlejohn, J. R., Williams, H. M., Greenhough, T. J., & Shrive, A. K. (2020). Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, Article ARTN 115. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00115

A monomeric form of C-reactive protein (CRP) which precipitates with cell wall pneumococcal C polysaccharide (CWPS) and retains the ability to reversibly bind to its ligand phosphocholine has been produced through urea-induced dissociation at an opti... Read More about Monomeric C-Reactive Protein in Serum With Markedly Elevated CRP Levels Shares Common Calcium-Dependent Ligand Binding Properties With an in vitro Dissociated Form of C-Reactive Protein.

Adrenal lesions found incidentally: how to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness (2020)
Journal Article
Hanna, F., Issa, B., Lea, S., George, C., Golash, A., Firn, M., …Fryer, A. (2020). Adrenal lesions found incidentally: how to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness. BMJ Open Quality, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000572

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal incidentalomas are lesions that are incidentally identified while scanning for other conditions. While most are benign and hormonally non-functional, around 20% are malignant and/or hormonally active, requiring prompt interventi... Read More about Adrenal lesions found incidentally: how to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness.

Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice (2019)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Palit, T., Livingston, M., Duff, C., & Fryer, A. (2019). Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice. International Journal of Clinical Practice, https://doi.org/10.1111/IJCP.13302

The above article from International Journal of Clinical Practice, published online on 7th December 2018 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Leslie... Read More about Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice.

Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes. (2019)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Davies, M., Stedman, M., Livingston, M., Lunt, M., Fryer, A., & Gadsby, R. (2019). Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes. BMJ Open, 9(9), e028278 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028278

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate relative clinical effectiveness of treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a statistical model of real-world evidence within UK general practitioner practices (GPP), to quantify the opportunities for diabetes c... Read More about Analysis of English general practice level data linking medication levels, service activity and demography to levels of glycaemic control being achieved in type 2 diabetes to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes..

SAT-371 Correlation of Midnight and Post Dexamethasone Salivary Cortisone and Cortisol with Post Dexamethasone Serum Cortisol Concentrations In Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas (2019)
Journal Article
Naseem, A., Mason, O., Ensah, G., Keevil, B., Hanna, F., Fryer, A., & Issa, B. (2019). SAT-371 Correlation of Midnight and Post Dexamethasone Salivary Cortisone and Cortisol with Post Dexamethasone Serum Cortisol Concentrations In Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(Supplement_1), https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-sat-371

Correlation between midnight and post dexamethasone salivary cortisone and cortisol and post dexamethasone serum cortisol concentrations in patients with unilateral and bilateral adrenal incidentalomas Background: The commonest functional abnormality... Read More about SAT-371 Correlation of Midnight and Post Dexamethasone Salivary Cortisone and Cortisol with Post Dexamethasone Serum Cortisol Concentrations In Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas.

SAT-372 Correlation of Serum Dexamethasone and Cortisol Concentrations Post Dexamethasone 1 Mg in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas (2019)
Journal Article
Naseem, A., Mason, O., Ensah, G., Keevil, B., Hanna, F. W. F., Fryer, A., & Issa, B. (2019). SAT-372 Correlation of Serum Dexamethasone and Cortisol Concentrations Post Dexamethasone 1 Mg in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(Supplement_1), Article SAT-372. https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-sat-372

Background: The most common functional abnormality in adrenal incidentalomas (AI) is autonomous cortisol secretion. Most guidelines recommend a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST) as a screening test for this abnormality. There is s... Read More about SAT-372 Correlation of Serum Dexamethasone and Cortisol Concentrations Post Dexamethasone 1 Mg in the Overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas.

More frequent lithium testing associates with lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder - what this tells us about GP practice engagement with this group (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Holland, D., Healy, A., Stedman, M., Duff, C., Fryer, A., Yung, A., & Bailey, S. (2019, April). More frequent lithium testing associates with lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder - what this tells us about GP practice engagement with this group. Presented at 27th European Congress of Psychiatry, Warsaw, Poland

Background and aims.– Lithium treatment is a cornerstone of bipolar affective disorder management. We determined how frequency of lithium level checks at GP (family) practice level relates to psychiatric admission rate for bipolar affective disord... Read More about More frequent lithium testing associates with lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder - what this tells us about GP practice engagement with this group.

More frequent lithium testing in UK Primary Care associates with a lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder-What this can tell us about GP practice engagement with this group. (2019)
Journal Article
Holland, D., Duff, C. J., Farman, S., Fryer, A. A., Yung, A., Bailey, S., & Heald, A. H. (2019). More frequent lithium testing in UK Primary Care associates with a lower hospital admission rate for bipolar disorder-What this can tell us about GP practice engagement with this group. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 73(4), e13277. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13277

Practice based analysis of Type 2 diabetes shows that patients’ own perceptions of support within primary care as per GP Patient Survey (GPPS) are as important as medication and services in improving Target Glycaemic Control (TGC-%HbA1c results ≤58mmol/mol) and reducing high glycaemic risk (HGR-%HbA1c results >86mmol/mol) as reported in the National Diabetes Audit (NDA) (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Heald, A., Stedman, M., Fryer, A., Gadsby, R., Ollier, W., Bailey, S., …Moreno, G. (2019, March). Practice based analysis of Type 2 diabetes shows that patients’ own perceptions of support within primary care as per GP Patient Survey (GPPS) are as important as medication and services in improving Target Glycaemic Control (TGC-%HbA1c results ≤58mmol/mol) and reducing high glycaemic risk (HGR-%HbA1c results >86mmol/mol) as reported in the National Diabetes Audit (NDA). Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2019, ACC Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Aims: To evaluate the link between patients’ own perception of support within primary care and % patients in TGC and HGR groups, while allowing for local medication, services and demographics. Method: National Diabetes Audit (NDA) 2016–17 publishe... Read More about Practice based analysis of Type 2 diabetes shows that patients’ own perceptions of support within primary care as per GP Patient Survey (GPPS) are as important as medication and services in improving Target Glycaemic Control (TGC-%HbA1c results ≤58mmol/mol) and reducing high glycaemic risk (HGR-%HbA1c results >86mmol/mol) as reported in the National Diabetes Audit (NDA).

Differences in activity from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes linked at GP Practice level (GPP) to levels of glycaemic control as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) taken from National Diabetes Audit (NDA) allowing for age, social deprivation, gender and ethnicity of both populations (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Stedman, M., Heald, A., Davies, M., Fryer, A., Lunt, M., Livingstone, M., …Andersen, S. (2019, March). Differences in activity from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes linked at GP Practice level (GPP) to levels of glycaemic control as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) taken from National Diabetes Audit (NDA) allowing for age, social deprivation, gender and ethnicity of both populations. Paper presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2019, ACC Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Aims: To compare associated hospital activity between patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes and consider the impact of differing levels of glycaemic control on this difference, allowing for variation in local demographics. Me... Read More about Differences in activity from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for patients with Type 2 diabetes and patients without diabetes linked at GP Practice level (GPP) to levels of glycaemic control as measured by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) taken from National Diabetes Audit (NDA) allowing for age, social deprivation, gender and ethnicity of both populations.

The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus. (2018)
Journal Article
Duff, C. J., Solis-Trapala, I., Driskell, O. J., Holland, D., Wright, H., Waldron, J. L., …Fryer, A. A. (2018). The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0503

Introduction: We previously showed, in patients with diabetes, that >50% of monitoring tests for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are outside recommended intervals and that this is linked to diabetes control. Here, we examined the impact of tests/year on... Read More about The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus..

Real-world practice level data analysis confirms link between variability within Blood Glucose Monitoring Strip (BGMS) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetes. (2018)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Livingston, M., Fryer, A., Cortes, G., Anderson, S. G., Gadsby, R., …Stedman, M. (2018). Real-world practice level data analysis confirms link between variability within Blood Glucose Monitoring Strip (BGMS) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetes. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 72, Article e13252. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13252

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to quantify the impact of Blood Glucose Monitoring Strips variability (BGMSV) at GP practice level on the variability of reported glycated haemoglobin (HbA1cV) levels. METHODS: Overall GP Practice BGMSV and HbA1cV were ca... Read More about Real-world practice level data analysis confirms link between variability within Blood Glucose Monitoring Strip (BGMS) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetes..

The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. (2018)
Journal Article
Ramachandran, S., Strange, R., Fryer, A., Saad, F., & Hackett, G. (2018). The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. Andrology, 6(6), 846-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12520

BACKGROUND: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels have been associated with mortality in adult men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVES: To confirm the association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality and then determine wh... Read More about The association of sex hormone-binding globulin with mortality is mediated by age and testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes..

Gestational diabetes mellitus: are mothers being followed-up? A retrospective study (2018)
Presentation / Conference
Ward, R., Hanna, F. W., Shelley-Hitchen, A., Hodgson, E., Heald, A., Fryer, A. A., & Duff, C. J. (2018, June). Gestational diabetes mellitus: are mothers being followed-up? A retrospective study

Background Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) have an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). NICE Guidance recommends women who develop GDM are screened 6 weeks post-partum and annually thereafter. Aim To evaluate conformity to gui... Read More about Gestational diabetes mellitus: are mothers being followed-up? A retrospective study.

Long-term conditions and the National Diabetes Audit (2018)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Stedman, M., Farman, S., Fryer, A., Bailey, S., & Gadsby, R. (2018). Long-term conditions and the National Diabetes Audit. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP), 68(672), 320.2-320. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x697637

The management of long-term conditions1 in primary care has hit the headlines thanks to a report from the Academy of Medical Sciences,2 which highlighted the clustering of different physical and mental health conditions in a single patient, and estim... Read More about Long-term conditions and the National Diabetes Audit.

Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin (2018)
Journal Article
Joly, F., Deret, S., Gamboa, B., Menigot, C., Fogel, P., Mounier, C., …Voegel, J. J. (2018). Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 91(2), 206-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.05.002

Background Actinic keratoses (AK) are proliferations of neoplastic keratinocytes in the epidermis resulting from cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which are liable to transform into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Organ Transplant R... Read More about Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin.

Reduction of unnecessary N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tests: A further lesson in demand management (2018)
Journal Article
Livingston, M., Kalansooriya, A., Hartland, A., Fryer, A. A., Gupta, J., & Heald, A. H. (2018). Reduction of unnecessary N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tests: A further lesson in demand management. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 72(4), Article ARTN e13071. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13071

The number of laboratory tests performed in the UK is steadily increasing (average 8-10% year-on-year increase).1 Funding for these tests is not increasing at the same rate. Hence, considerable interest has focused on managing the demand for patholog... Read More about Reduction of unnecessary N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tests: A further lesson in demand management.

Real-world evidence confirms that increased blood glucose monitoring strip (BGMS) accuracy reduces glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variance (2018)
Presentation / Conference
HEALD, A., Livingston, M., Fryer, A., Cortes, M., Gadsby, R., Ollier, W., …Craig, J. (2018, March). Real-world evidence confirms that increased blood glucose monitoring strip (BGMS) accuracy reduces glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variance. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2018, London ExCeL, London, UK

Aim: An in silico study has reported a link between less accurate BGMS and poorer glycaemic control, leading to significant differences in both hyper- and hypoglycaemic events. Our aim was to see if we could detect this effect of BGMS accuracy on gly... Read More about Real-world evidence confirms that increased blood glucose monitoring strip (BGMS) accuracy reduces glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) variance.

Real-world data analysis of general practice prescribing (GPP) to highlight the growing challenges in application of appropriate medication for Type 2 diabetes (2018)
Presentation / Conference
HEALD, A., Livingston, M., Fryer, A., Cortes, M., Bien, Z., Gadsby, R., …Young, R. (2018, March). Real-world data analysis of general practice prescribing (GPP) to highlight the growing challenges in application of appropriate medication for Type 2 diabetes. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2018, London ExCeL, London, UK

Objective: GP apply the wide variety of Type 2 diabetes medications at different rates. Our aim was to see if there are lessons to be learnt from analysing in detail these variations. Methods: England GPP and Quality Outcome Framework data over th... Read More about Real-world data analysis of general practice prescribing (GPP) to highlight the growing challenges in application of appropriate medication for Type 2 diabetes.

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, the latest residents on the block: Impact on glycaemic control at a general practice level in England (2018)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Fryer, A. A., Anderson, S. G., Livingston, M., Lunt, M., Davies, M., …Stedman, M. (2018). Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, the latest residents on the block: Impact on glycaemic control at a general practice level in England. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(7), 1659-1669. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13281

Aims To determine, using published general practice-level data, how differences in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prescribing patterns relate to glycaemic target achievement levels. Methods Multiple linear regression modelling was used to link... Read More about Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, the latest residents on the block: Impact on glycaemic control at a general practice level in England.

Maternal genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in gestational diabetes shows distinctive disease-associated changes relative to matched healthy pregnancies (2018)
Journal Article
Wu, P., Farrell, W., Haworth, K., Emes, R., Kitchen, M., Glossop, J., …Fryer, A. (2018). Maternal genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in gestational diabetes shows distinctive disease-associated changes relative to matched healthy pregnancies. Epigenetics, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2016.1166321

Several recent reports have described associations between gestational diabetes (GDM) and changes to the epigenomic landscape where the DNA samples were derived from either cord or placental sources. We employed genome-wide 450K array analysis to det... Read More about Maternal genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in gestational diabetes shows distinctive disease-associated changes relative to matched healthy pregnancies.

Identification of rare diseases by screening a population selected on the basis of routine pathology results—the PATHFINDER project: lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester storage disease substudy (2018)
Journal Article
Reynolds, T. M., Mewies, C., Hamilton, J., Wierzbicki, A. S., & Fryer, T. (2018). Identification of rare diseases by screening a population selected on the basis of routine pathology results—the PATHFINDER project: lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester storage disease substudy. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 71(7), 608-613. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204727

Aims Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol ester storage associated with hepatic disease, cirrhosis and accelerated atherosclerosis. Its prevalence in the general population, patients with dyslipida... Read More about Identification of rare diseases by screening a population selected on the basis of routine pathology results—the PATHFINDER project: lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester storage disease substudy.

Management of incidental adrenal tumours. (2018)
Journal Article
Hanna, F., Issa, B., Sim, J., Keevil, B., & Fryer, A. (2018). Management of incidental adrenal tumours. BMJ, j5674 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j5674

An incidental adrenal tumour, described in this article as an “adrenal incidentaloma,” is an adrenal mass discovered during imaging that was not performed for suspected adrenal disease. These are being detected more frequently in an ageing population... Read More about Management of incidental adrenal tumours..

HumanMethylation450K Array–Identified Biomarkers Predict Tumour Recurrence/Progression at Initial Diagnosis of High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2018)
Journal Article
Kitchen, M. O., Bryan, R. T., Emes, R. D., Luscombe, C. J., Cheng, K., Zeegers, M. P., …Fryer, A. A. (2018). HumanMethylation450K Array–Identified Biomarkers Predict Tumour Recurrence/Progression at Initial Diagnosis of High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Biomarkers in Cancer, 10, 1179299X1775192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179299x17751920

Background: High-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) is a clinically unpredictable disease. Despite clinical risk estimation tools, many patients are undertreated with intra-vesical therapies alone, whereas others may be over-treated... Read More about HumanMethylation450K Array–Identified Biomarkers Predict Tumour Recurrence/Progression at Initial Diagnosis of High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Assessment of approaches to diagnosis and cardiometabolic monitoring in UK primary care (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Livingston, M., Holland, D., Robinson, J., Moreno, G. Y., Donnahey, G., …Fryer, A. A. (2018). Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Assessment of approaches to diagnosis and cardiometabolic monitoring in UK primary care. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 72(1), Article ARTN e13046. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13046

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. We examined the specific tests that are done in primary care to lead to the diagnosis of PCOS, and to support the diagno... Read More about Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Assessment of approaches to diagnosis and cardiometabolic monitoring in UK primary care.

Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: Lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Livingston, M., Malipatil, N., Becher, M., Craig, J., Stedman, M., & Fryer, A. A. (2018). Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: Lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(1), 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13067

Aims To determine the factors at general practice level that relate to glycaemic control outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Data were accessed from 4050 general practices (50% of total) covering 1.6 million patients with T2D... Read More about Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: Lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit.

Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus: implications of recent changes in diagnostic criteria and role of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (2017)
Journal Article
Hanna, F. W., Duff, C. J., Shelley-Hitchen, A., Hodgson, E., & Fryer, A. A. (2017). Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus: implications of recent changes in diagnostic criteria and role of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Clinical Medicine, 17(2), 108-113. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.17-2-108

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; approximately 5% of pregnancies) represents the most important risk factor for development of later-onset diabetes mellitus. We examined concordance between GDM diagnosis defined using the original 1999 World Healt... Read More about Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus: implications of recent changes in diagnostic criteria and role of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

Monitoring Thyroid Function in Patients on Levothyroxine. Assessment of Conformity to National Guidance and Variability in Practice (2017)
Journal Article
Scargill, J. J., Livingston, M., Holland, D., Duff, C. J., Fryer, A. A., & Heald, A. H. (2017). Monitoring Thyroid Function in Patients on Levothyroxine. Assessment of Conformity to National Guidance and Variability in Practice. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 125(9), 625-633. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-103018

With demand for endocrine tests steadily increasing year-on-year, we examined thyroid function test (TFT) frequencies in patients on levothyroxine replacement therapy to assess the effect of initial TFT results and request source on TFT re-testing in... Read More about Monitoring Thyroid Function in Patients on Levothyroxine. Assessment of Conformity to National Guidance and Variability in Practice.

Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Laing, I., McLernon, D. J., Donn, R., Hartland, A. J., Fryer, A. A., & Livingston, M. (2017). Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X01711010001

OBJECTIVE: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:... Read More about Socioeconomic Deprivation as Measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Its Association with Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Women..

Socioeconomic deprivation as measured by the index of multiple deprivation and its association with low sex hormone binding globulin in women (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A., Laing, I., McLernon, D. J., Donn, R., Hartland, A. J., Fryer, A. A., & Livingston, M. (2017). Socioeconomic deprivation as measured by the index of multiple deprivation and its association with low sex hormone binding globulin in women. The Open Biochemistry Journal, 11, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874091X0171101000

Objective: Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of insulin resistance. Given established links between BMI and socioeconomic disadvantage, we investigated how SHBG varies by index of multiple deprivation (IMD). Research Design and Meth... Read More about Socioeconomic deprivation as measured by the index of multiple deprivation and its association with low sex hormone binding globulin in women.

Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value (2017)
Presentation / Conference
Driskell, O., Duff, C., Holland, D., Waldron, J., Ford, C., Tran, M., …Heald, A. (2017, March). Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2017, Manchester, UK

Objectives: Studies have established that there is a clear link between monitoring frequency and diabetes control. Nevertheless, the wider question of optimum number of tests per year to attain target HbA1c remains unclear. Methods: Data on all Hb... Read More about Frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c, affects likelihood of reaching target levels in patients with diabetes independently of starting value.

High rates of diabetes found in post-partum follow up of women with gestational diabetes, but screening rates still not high enough (2017)
Presentation / Conference
Ward, R., Hanna, F., Shelley-Hitchen, A., Hodgson, E., Heald, A., Fryer, A., & Duff, C. (2017, March). High rates of diabetes found in post-partum follow up of women with gestational diabetes, but screening rates still not high enough. Paper presented at Abstracts of the Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2017, Manchester, England, UK

Background: Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) have elevated risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. NICE recommend women who develop GDM are screened 6 weeks post-partum and annually thereafter. Aims: To (i) evaluate conformity to guidan... Read More about High rates of diabetes found in post-partum follow up of women with gestational diabetes, but screening rates still not high enough.

Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health (2017)
Journal Article
Wu, P., Haththotuwa, R., Shing Kwok, C., Babu, A., Kotronias, R. A., Rushton, C., …Mamas, M. A. (2017). Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 10(2), https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003497

Background— Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder resulting in hypertension and multiorgan dysfunction. There is growing evidence that these effects persist after pregnancy. We aimed to systematically evaluate and quantify the evidence on th... Read More about Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health.

Monitoring thyroid function in patients on levothyroxine: audit findings and suggested change in practice (2017)
Journal Article
Scargill, J. J., Livingston, M., Holland, D., Khan, A., Duff, C. J., Fryer, A. A., & Heald, A. H. (2017). Monitoring thyroid function in patients on levothyroxine: audit findings and suggested change in practice. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 71(1), Article ARTN e12877. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12877

With demand for endocrine tests steadily increasing year-on-year, review of requesting behaviour is very pertinent. A wealth of data now exists to suggest that there is a significant degree of unnecessary requesting of pathology tests,1-3 including e... Read More about Monitoring thyroid function in patients on levothyroxine: audit findings and suggested change in practice.

Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement (2017)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Anderson, S. G., Scargill, J. J., Short, A., Holland, D., Khan, A., …Livingston, M. (2017). Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721417697843

There is increasing evidence concerning adverse health consequences of low vitamin D levels. We determined whether there is any surrogate for measuring vitamin D in people older than 70 years and the relation between index of multiple deprivation (IM... Read More about Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement.

Quantitative genome-wide methylation analysis of high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2016)
Journal Article
Kitchen, M. O., Bryan, R. T., Emes, R. D., Glossop, J. R., Luscombe, C., Cheng, K. K., …Farrell, W. E. (2016). Quantitative genome-wide methylation analysis of high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Epigenetics, 11(3), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2016.1154246

High-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HG-NMIBC) is a clinically unpredictable disease with greater risks of recurrence and progression relative to their low-intermediate-grade counterparts. The molecular events, including those affecting the... Read More about Quantitative genome-wide methylation analysis of high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry (2016)
Journal Article
Mamas, M. A., Shing Kwok, C., Kontopantelis, E., Fryer, A. A., Buchan, I., Bachmann, M. O., …Myint, P. K. (2016). Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(11), https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003348

BACKGROUND: We aim to determine the prevalence of anemia in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and compare their clinical characteristics, management, and clinical outcomes to those without anemia in an unselected national ACS cohort. METHODS AND... Read More about Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality Outcomes in a National Acute Coronary Syndrome Cohort: Insights from the UK Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project Registry.

Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)
Journal Article
Wu, P., Shing Kwok, C., Haththotuwa, R., Kotronias, R. A., Babu, A., Fryer, A. A., …Mamas, M. A. (2016). Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 59, 2518-2526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4098-x

Aims/hypothesis: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multi-system disorder and a state of physiological insulin resistance. Our aim is to systematically evaluate and quantify the evidence on the relationship between pre-eclampsia and the future ris... Read More about Pre-eclampsia is associated with a twofold increase in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

THE PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANAEMIA AMONG PATIENTS THAT PRESENT WITH ACS: INSIGHTS FROM THE UK MINAP REGISTRY (2016)
Journal Article
Kwok, C. S., Mamas, A. M., Kontopantelis, E., Fryer, A. A., Buchan, I., Bachmann, M. O., …Myint, P. K. (2016). THE PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANAEMIA AMONG PATIENTS THAT PRESENT WITH ACS: INSIGHTS FROM THE UK MINAP REGISTRY. Heart, 102(S6), A76-A76. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309890.107

Background Data from both registry and post-hoc analysis of randomised controlled trials have suggested that the burden of anaemia among patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is significant. However, current guidelines fail to offer fi... Read More about THE PREVALENCE, PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANAEMIA AMONG PATIENTS THAT PRESENT WITH ACS: INSIGHTS FROM THE UK MINAP REGISTRY.

Genome-wide profiling in treatment-naive early rheumatoid arthritis reveals DNA methylome changes in T and B lymphocytes (2015)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Emes, R. D., Nixon, N. B., Packham, J. C., Fryer, A. A., Mattey, D. L., & Farrell, W. E. (2016). Genome-wide profiling in treatment-naive early rheumatoid arthritis reveals DNA methylome changes in T and B lymphocytes. Epigenomics, 8(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.2217/epi.15.103

Aim: Although aberrant DNA methylation has been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), no studies have interrogated this epigenetic modification in early disease. Following recent investigations of T and B lymphocytes in established disease, we now... Read More about Genome-wide profiling in treatment-naive early rheumatoid arthritis reveals DNA methylome changes in T and B lymphocytes.

Methylation of HOXA9 and ISL1 Predicts Patient Outcome in High-Grade Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer. (2015)
Journal Article
Kitchen, M. O., Bryan, R. T., Haworth, K. E., Emes, R. D., Luscombe, C., Gommersall, L., …Farrell, W. E. (2015). Methylation of HOXA9 and ISL1 Predicts Patient Outcome in High-Grade Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer. PloS one, e0137003 - ?. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137003

INTRODUCTION: Inappropriate DNA methylation is frequently associated with human tumour development, and in specific cases, is associated with clinical outcomes. Previous reports of DNA methylation in low/intermediate grade non-muscle invasive bladder... Read More about Methylation of HOXA9 and ISL1 Predicts Patient Outcome in High-Grade Non-Invasive Bladder Cancer..

DNA methylation profiling of synovial fluid FLS in rheumatoid arthritis reveals changes common with tissue-derived FLS (2015)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Haworth, K. E., Emes, R. D., Nixon, N. B., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2015). DNA methylation profiling of synovial fluid FLS in rheumatoid arthritis reveals changes common with tissue-derived FLS. Epigenomics, 7(4), 539 -551. https://doi.org/10.2217/epi.15.15

AIM: Alterations in DNA methylation contribute to the abnormal phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We profiled genome-wide DNA methylation in these cells from synovial fluid, a more readily ac... Read More about DNA methylation profiling of synovial fluid FLS in rheumatoid arthritis reveals changes common with tissue-derived FLS.

O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts (2015)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Haworth, K. E., Emes, R. D., Nixon, N. B., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2015). O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts. Rheumatology, 54(S1), i48. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kev087.003

Background: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with RA display an aggressive, invasive phenotype and play a key role in joint destruction. Increasing evidence indicates that alterations to the epigenome, including DNA methylation, contr... Read More about O51. DNA Methylation Profiling of Synovial Fluid-Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals Common and Distinct Changes Relative to their Tissue-Derived Counterparts.

Revisiting screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the case for and against using HbA1c (2015)
Journal Article
Hanna, F. W. F., Wilkie, V., Issa, B. G., & Fryer, A. A. (2015). Revisiting screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the case for and against using HbA1c. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP), 65(633), E278-E280. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X684637

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality in the Western world. It is responsible for about 10% of the NHS spend (about £286/second in the UK). Of those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 25% are thought already to h... Read More about Revisiting screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the case for and against using HbA1c.

Timing of HbA1c pre-admission: impact on readmission and in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes (2015)
Presentation / Conference
Arora, A., Shanmugasundaram, M., Varughese, G., Duffs, C., Fryer, A., & Nayak, A. (2015, March). Timing of HbA1c pre-admission: impact on readmission and in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes. Poster presented at Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2015, ExCel London, UK

Aims: Association between high HbA1c and risk of all-cause hospital admissions is recognised. We aimed to investigate the impact of HbA1c screening pre-admission the time of admission, on readmission rates and in-hospital mortality. Methods: Amongst... Read More about Timing of HbA1c pre-admission: impact on readmission and in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes.

Methylation of the FGFR2 gene is associated with high birth weight centile in humans (2014)
Journal Article
Haworth, K. E., Farrell, W. E., Emes, R. D., Ismail, K. M. K., Carroll, W. D., Hubball, E., …Fryer, A. A. (2014). Methylation of the FGFR2 gene is associated with high birth weight centile in humans. Epigenomics, 6(5), 477-491. https://doi.org/10.2217/EPI.14.40

Aims: This study examined links between DNA methylation and birth weight centile (BWC), and explored the impact of genetic variation. Materials & methods: Using HumanMethylation450 arrays, we examined candidate gene-associated CpGs in cord blood from... Read More about Methylation of the FGFR2 gene is associated with high birth weight centile in humans.

Measuring vitamin D levels: surrogates are insufficient (2014)
Journal Article
Heald, A. H., Anderson, S. G., Scargill, J. J., Short, A. D., Holland, D., Livingston, M., …Donn, R. P. (2015). Measuring vitamin D levels: surrogates are insufficient. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 69(1), 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12505

With the increasing evidence of adverse consequences because of low vitamin D levels on health demand for vitamin D, screening is increasing. The objective of the study was to assess whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels/bone profile is suffici... Read More about Measuring vitamin D levels: surrogates are insufficient.

Reduced Testing Frequency for Glycated Hemoglobin, HbA(1c), Is Associated With Deteriorating Diabetes Control (2014)
Journal Article
Driskell, O. J., Holland, D., Waldron, J. L., Ford, C., Scargill, J. J., Heald, A., …Fryer, A. A. (2014). Reduced Testing Frequency for Glycated Hemoglobin, HbA(1c), Is Associated With Deteriorating Diabetes Control. Diabetes Care, 37(10), 2731-2737. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-0297

Objective: We previously showed that in patients with diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring outside international guidance on testing frequency is widespread. Here we examined the relationship between testing frequency and diabete... Read More about Reduced Testing Frequency for Glycated Hemoglobin, HbA(1c), Is Associated With Deteriorating Diabetes Control.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in rheumatoid arthritis identifies disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations (2014)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Emes, R. D., Nixon, N. B., Haworth, K. E., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2014). Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in rheumatoid arthritis identifies disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations. Epigenetics, 9(9), 1228-1237. https://doi.org/10.4161/epi.29718

Changes to the DNA methylome have been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In previous work, we reported genome-wide methylation differences in T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte populations from healthy individuals. Now, using HumanMeth... Read More about Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in rheumatoid arthritis identifies disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations.

Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine (2014)
Presentation / Conference
Carroll, W., Saunders, A., Ismail, K., Farrell, W., Emes, R., & Fryer, A. (2014, September). Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine. Presented at 22nd Annual Congress, Munich, Germany

Background: Vitamin D is implicated in the expression of childhood asthma but it is difficult to pick apart cause and effect from observational data. If lack of vitamin D is secondary to a sedentary lifestyle then weather patterns should not effect a... Read More about Daylight robbery: Hospitals admissions for childhood asthma in English regions are inversely associated with hours of sunshine.

Evaluation of accuracy of mediolateral episiotomy incisions using a training model (2014)
Journal Article
Silf, K., Woodhead, N., Kelly, J., Fryer, A., Kettle, C., & Ismail, K. M. K. (2015). Evaluation of accuracy of mediolateral episiotomy incisions using a training model. Midwifery, 31(1), 197-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.08.009

Background: Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. In the UK the use of episiotomy is selective, rather than routine, and a right mediolateral episiotomy (RMLE) is considered standard practice. According to Th... Read More about Evaluation of accuracy of mediolateral episiotomy incisions using a training model.

263. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Distinct Changes in T- and B-Cell Populations from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2014)
Presentation / Conference
Glossop, J. R., Nixon, N. B., Emes, R. D., Haworth, K. E., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2014, April). 263. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Distinct Changes in T- and B-Cell Populations from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Paper presented at Rheumatology 2014, Liverpool, UK

Background: DNA methylation is one of several epigenetic mechanisms that impacts on gene expression without underlying changes to the DNA sequence. Recent studies describe changes to the DNA methylome in RA. To date however, no systematic genome-wide... Read More about 263. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Distinct Changes in T- and B-Cell Populations from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals (2013)
Journal Article
Glossop, J. R., Nixon, N. B., Emes, R. D., Haworth, K. E., Packham, J. C., Dawes, P. T., …Farrell, W. E. (2013). Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Epigenetics, 8(11), 1188-1197. https://doi.org/10.4161/epi.26265

Multiple reports now describe changes to the DNA methylome in rheumatoid arthritis and in many cases have analyzed methylation in mixed cell populations from whole blood. However, these approaches may preclude the identification of cell type-specific... Read More about Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between matched-pairs of T-and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals.

Combined influence of gene-specific cord blood methylation and maternal smoking habit on birth weight (2013)
Journal Article
Haworth, K. E., Farrell, W. E., Emes, R. D., Ismail, K. M. K., Carroll, W. D., Borthwick, H. D., …Fryer, A. A. (2013). Combined influence of gene-specific cord blood methylation and maternal smoking habit on birth weight. Epigenomics, 5(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.2217/EPI.12.72

Aim: Evidence suggests that folic acid intake affects birth weight and that these effects may be mediated via the fetal epigenome. Our previous array data indicate that methylation in human cord blood at gene-specific CpGs is associated with birth we... Read More about Combined influence of gene-specific cord blood methylation and maternal smoking habit on birth weight.

Antiepileptic drugs and the fetal epigenome (2012)
Journal Article
Emes, R. D., Clifford, H., Haworth, K. E., Farrell, W. E., Fryer, A. A., Carroll, W. D., …KM, I. (2013). Antiepileptic drugs and the fetal epigenome. Epilepsia, 54(1), e16-e19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03673.x

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can lower maternal folate and increase maternal homocysteine levels, which are known to affect the methyl cycle and hence DNA methylation levels. The influence of in utero exposure to AEDs on fetal DNA methylation was inves... Read More about Antiepileptic drugs and the fetal epigenome.

Managing demand for laboratory tests: a laboratory toolkit (2012)
Journal Article
Fryer, A. A., & Smellie, W. S. A. (2013). Managing demand for laboratory tests: a laboratory toolkit. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 66(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200524

Healthcare budgets worldwide are facing increasing pressure to reduce costs and improve efficiency, while maintaining quality. Laboratory testing has not escaped this pressure, particularly since pathology investigations cost the National Health Serv... Read More about Managing demand for laboratory tests: a laboratory toolkit.

Limitations of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetes screening (2012)
Journal Article
WF Hanna, F., Geen, J., Issa, B. G., Tahrani, A. A., & Fryer, A. A. (2012). Limitations of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetes screening. Practical Diabetes, 29(1), 29-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1653

Recently, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the World Health Organisation and subsequently by many other professional bodies as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus. However, the cut-... Read More about Limitations of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetes screening.

Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study (2007)
Journal Article
Kapoor, B., Dunlop, C., Wynn-Jones, C., Fryer, A. A., Strange, R. C., & Maffulli, N. (2007). Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study. Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine, 6, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-6-7

We investigated the association of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and primary protrusion acetabuli (PPA) with Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms Taq I and Fok I and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms Pvu II and Xba I. 45 patients with DDH and 2... Read More about Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study.

Asthma severity and atopy: how clear is the relationship? (2006)
Journal Article
Carroll, W. D., Lenney, W., Child, F., Strange, R. C., Jones, P. W., Whyte, M. K., …Fryer, A. A. (2006). Asthma severity and atopy: how clear is the relationship?. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(5), 405 - 409. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.088278

BACKGROUND: The relationship between asthma severity and atopy is complex. Many studies have failed to show significant relationships between clinical severity or lung function and markers of atopic sensitisation. AIM: To determine whether increasing... Read More about Asthma severity and atopy: how clear is the relationship?.

Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 on lung function in asthmatic families. (2005)
Journal Article
Carroll, W., Lenney, W., Jones, P., Strange, R., Child, F., Whyte, M., …Fryer, A. (2005). Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 on lung function in asthmatic families. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 35(9), 1155 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02313.x

RATIONALE: Previous data have suggested that glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genotypes are important in determining the rate of lung function growth in childhood. This effect was most marked in Caucasian children with asthma. OBJECTIVES: We investiga... Read More about Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 on lung function in asthmatic families..

Maternal glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genotype is a specific predictor of phenotype in children with asthma. (2005)
Journal Article
Carroll, W., Lenney, W., Child, F., Strange, R., Jones, P., & Fryer, A. (2005). Maternal glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genotype is a specific predictor of phenotype in children with asthma. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 16(1), 32 - 39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00249.x

Maternal factors are known to influence the heritability and expression of asthma and atopy. We report the association of maternal, paternal and proband GSTP1 genotype with lung function in 145 Caucasian children with asthma. GSTP1 Val105/Val105 and... Read More about Maternal glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 genotype is a specific predictor of phenotype in children with asthma..

Prostate cancer risk: associations with ultraviolet radiation, tyrosinase and melanocortin-1 receptor genotypes (2001)
Journal Article
Luscombe, C. J., French, M. E., Liu, S., Saxby, M. F., Jones, P. W., Fryer, A. A., & Strange, R. C. (2001). Prostate cancer risk: associations with ultraviolet radiation, tyrosinase and melanocortin-1 receptor genotypes. British journal of cancer, 85, 1504 - 1509. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2001.2097

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation may reduce prostate cancer risk, suggesting that polymorphism in genes that mediate host pigmentation will be associated with susceptibility to this cancer. We studied 210 prostate cancer cases and 155 controls to de... Read More about Prostate cancer risk: associations with ultraviolet radiation, tyrosinase and melanocortin-1 receptor genotypes.

Simultaneous identification of GSTP1 Ile105-->Val105 and Ala114-->Val114 substitutions using an amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay: studies in patients with asthma (2001)
Journal Article
Hemmingsen, A., Fryer, A. A., Hepple, M., Strange, R. C., & Spiteri, M. A. (2001). Simultaneous identification of GSTP1 Ile105-->Val105 and Ala114-->Val114 substitutions using an amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay: studies in patients with asthma. Respiratory Research, 255 -260. https://doi.org/10.1186/rr64

BACKGROUND The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme GSTP1 utilizes byproducts of oxidative stress. We previously showed that alleles of GSTP1 that encode the Ile105-->Val105 substitution are associated with the asthma phenotypes of atopy and bronc... Read More about Simultaneous identification of GSTP1 Ile105-->Val105 and Ala114-->Val114 substitutions using an amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay: studies in patients with asthma.

Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E; outcome and susceptibility in multiple sclerosis (2000)
Journal Article
Weatherby, S., Mann, C., Davies, M., Carthy, D., Fryer, A., Boggild, M., …Hawkins, C. (2000). Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E; outcome and susceptibility in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 6(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.1191/135245800678827464

Allelic variants of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene influence the course of several neurological diseases. In multiple sclerosis the concentration of APOE in cerebrospinal fluid and its intrathecal synthesis is reduced. Specific isoforms of APOE may... Read More about Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E; outcome and susceptibility in multiple sclerosis.

Expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 protein in epithelial ovarian tumour cells (1999)
Journal Article
Dhar, K. K., Branigan, K., Parkes, J., Howells, R. E. J., Hand, P., Musgrove, C., …Hoban, P. R. (1999). Expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 protein in epithelial ovarian tumour cells. British journal of cancer, 81, 1174 -1181. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6690826

The expression of cyclin D1 protein in tumour sections from 81 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was analysed using immunohistochemistry. The tumours that overexpressed cyclin D1 in more than 10% of neoplastic cells were considered positive. Th... Read More about Expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 protein in epithelial ovarian tumour cells.

The therapeutic response to D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: influence of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms (1999)
Journal Article
Layton, M. A., Jones, P. W., Alldersea, J. E., Strange, R. C., Fryer, A. A., Dawes, P. T., & Mattey, D. L. (1999). The therapeutic response to D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: influence of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Rheumatology, 38(1), 43 - 47. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/38.1.43

To investigate whether the therapeutic response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to D-penicillamine is associated with polymorphisms in genes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) supergene family.

Influence of polymorphisms at glutathione-S-transferase gene loci on allelic losses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas,Einfluss yon genpolymorphismen in den entgiftenden enzymen der glutathion-S-transferasen auf die chromosomale stabilitat yon plattenepithelkarzinomen im kopf-hals-bereich (1998)
Journal Article
Matthias, C., Bockmühl, U., Jahnke, V., Petersen, I., Dietel, M., Fryer, A., & Strange, R. (1998). Influence of polymorphisms at glutathione-S-transferase gene loci on allelic losses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas,Einfluss yon genpolymorphismen in den entgiftenden enzymen der glutathion-S-transferasen auf die chromosomale stabilitat yon plattenepithelkarzinomen im kopf-hals-bereich. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 77(4), 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-996961

Background: While cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption are the major risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer, it is assumed that genetic factors contribute to risk. Material and methods: We examined genotype frequencies... Read More about Influence of polymorphisms at glutathione-S-transferase gene loci on allelic losses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas,Einfluss yon genpolymorphismen in den entgiftenden enzymen der glutathion-S-transferasen auf die chromosomale stabilitat yon plattenepithelkarzinomen im kopf-hals-bereich.

Polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase loci as a risk factor for common cancers. (1998)
Conference Proceeding
Strange, R. C., Lear, J. T., & Fryer, A. A. (1998). Polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase loci as a risk factor for common cancers. In Diversification in Toxicology — Man and Environment (419–428). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46856-8_37

Allelism has been found in human glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes of the alpha, mu, theta and pi families with the best characterised examples being those in mu class GSTM1 and theta class GSTT1. Isoenzymes encoded by these genes catalyse the de... Read More about Polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase loci as a risk factor for common cancers..

Truncal site and detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms significantly reduce time to presentation of further primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. (1997)
Journal Article
Lear, J. T., Smith, A. G., Heagerty, A. H., Bowers, B., Jones, P. W., Gilford, J., …Fryer, A. A. (1997). Truncal site and detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms significantly reduce time to presentation of further primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis, 18(8), 1499–1503. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/18.8.1499

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest cancer in Caucasians. Its incidence is rising and many patients develop multiple primary tumours at separate sites. Factors determining time between first primary tumour presentation and the next new primar... Read More about Truncal site and detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms significantly reduce time to presentation of further primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma..

Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in the UK: case-control study in 806 patients. (1997)
Journal Article
Lear, J. T., Tan, B. B., Smith, A. G., Bowers, W., Jones, P. W., Heagerty, A. H., …Fryer, A. A. (1997). Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in the UK: case-control study in 806 patients. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 90(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709000704

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest malignant neoplasm in white people. We present a large UK case-control study in which conditional logistic regression analysis of age-matched and gender-matched data sets was used to compare, first, cases w... Read More about Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in the UK: case-control study in 806 patients..

Truncal tumor site is associated with high risk of multiple basal cell carcinoma and is influenced by glutathione S-transferase, GSTT1, and cytochrome P450, CYP1A1 genotypes, and their interaction. (1997)
Journal Article
Lear, J. T., Smith, A. G., Bowers, B., Heagearty, A. H., Jones, P. W., Gilford, J., …Fryer, A. A. (1997). Truncal tumor site is associated with high risk of multiple basal cell carcinoma and is influenced by glutathione S-transferase, GSTT1, and cytochrome P450, CYP1A1 genotypes, and their interaction. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 108(4), 519-522. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12289738

Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genotypes as risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma (1997)
Journal Article
Jahnke, V., Strange, R., Matthias, C., & Fryer, A. (1997). Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genotypes as risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 254, S147–S149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02439747

While cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the role of allelism at the glutathione S-transf... Read More about Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genotypes as risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma.

Tumor necrosis factor microsatellite haplotypes are different in male and female patients with RA. (1997)
Journal Article
Hajeer, A., John, S., Ollier, W. E., Silman, A. J., Dawes, P., Hassell, A., …Worthington, J. (1997). Tumor necrosis factor microsatellite haplotypes are different in male and female patients with RA. Journal of Rheumatology, 24(1), 217-219

We investigated whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF) microsatellite polymorphisms are associated with sex and age at disease onset in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A case-control study was used to compare the frequencies of TNF microsatellite alleles in... Read More about Tumor necrosis factor microsatellite haplotypes are different in male and female patients with RA..

Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome-P-450 polymorphism as risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. (1996)
Journal Article
Jahnke, V., Matthias, C., Fryer, A., & Strange, R. (1996). Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome-P-450 polymorphism as risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. American Journal of Surgery, 172(6), 671-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610%2896%2900298-x

Purpose While cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are recognized covariates for laryngeal carcinoma, the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the influence of polymorphism in carcinogen-metab... Read More about Glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome-P-450 polymorphism as risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx..

Epithelial ovarian cancer: influence of polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci on p53 expression (1996)
Journal Article
Sarhanis, P., Redman, C., Perrett, C., Brannigan, K., Clayton, R., Hand, P., …Strange, R. (1996). Epithelial ovarian cancer: influence of polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci on p53 expression. British journal of cancer, 1757 - 1761. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1996.626

The importance of polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1 and, cytochrome P450, CYP2D6 loci in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer has been assessed in two studies; firstly, a case-control study designed to determine the... Read More about Epithelial ovarian cancer: influence of polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci on p53 expression.

Association of homozygosity for glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 null alleles with the Ro+/La- autoantibody profile in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1996)
Journal Article
Ollier, W., Davies, E., Snowden, N., Alldersea, J., Fryer, A., Jones, P., & Strange, R. (1996). Association of homozygosity for glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 null alleles with the Ro+/La- autoantibody profile in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatology, 39(10), 1763-1764. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780391023

Allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 locus: interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 as risk factors for astrocytoma. (1996)
Journal Article
Hand, P. A., Inskip, A., Gilford, J., Alldersea, J., Elexpuru-Camiruaga, J., Hayes, J. D., …Fryer, A. A. (1996). Allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 locus: interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 as risk factors for astrocytoma. Carcinogenesis, 17(9), 1919–1922. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/17.9.1919

We describe studies to assess the influence of polymorphism in the human glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 gene on susceptibility to high grade astrocytoma. Immunohisto-chemical studies using a GSTM3-specific antiserum identified expression of the GSTM... Read More about Allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM3 locus: interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 as risk factors for astrocytoma..

Multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6, CYP1A1) polymorphisms influence tumour numbers and accrual. (1996)
Journal Article
Lear, J. T., Heagerty, A. H., Smith, A., Bowers, B., Rowland Payne, C., Dale Smith, C., …Strange, R. C. (1996). Multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6, CYP1A1) polymorphisms influence tumour numbers and accrual. Carcinogenesis, 17(9), 1891–1896. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/17.9.1891

The genetic factors that mediate the pathogenesis of multiple primary cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are largely unclear. Thus, some patients suffer many BCC (>30) and/or rapid accrual (number of tumours/year from first presentation) of furthe... Read More about Multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6, CYP1A1) polymorphisms influence tumour numbers and accrual..

Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase locus GSTM3: interactions with cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genotypes as risk factors for multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. (1996)
Journal Article
Yengi, L., Inskip, A., Gilford, J., Alldersea, J., Bailey, L., Smith, A., …Fryer, A. A. (1996). Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase locus GSTM3: interactions with cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genotypes as risk factors for multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Research, 56, 1974-1977

The influence of polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM3 gene on susceptibility to cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been investigated. We have reported previously two GSTM3 alleles, GSTM3*A and GSTM3*B, distinguished by a recogni... Read More about Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase locus GSTM3: interactions with cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genotypes as risk factors for multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinoma..

Glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cancer: studies of interactions with GSTM1 in lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers. (1996)
Journal Article
Deakin, M., Elder, J., Hendrickkse, C., Peckham, D., Leopard, D., Bell, D. A., …Strange, R. C. (1996). Glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cancer: studies of interactions with GSTM1 in lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers. Carcinogenesis, 17(4), 881–884. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/17.4.881

Allelism in glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 has been suggested as a risk factor in various cancers. Accordingly, we describe a group of case-control studies carried out to identify associations between GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to... Read More about Glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to cancer: studies of interactions with GSTM1 in lung, oral, gastric and colorectal cancers..

Susceptibility to multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: significant interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genotypes, skin type and male gender. (1996)
Journal Article
Heagerty, A., Smith, A., English, J., Lear, J., Perkins, W., Bowers, B., …Strange, R. (1996). Susceptibility to multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: significant interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genotypes, skin type and male gender. British journal of cancer, 73, 44 - 48. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1996.8

The factors that determine development of single and multiple primary cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are unclear. We describe a case-control study firstly, to examine the influence of allelism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1... Read More about Susceptibility to multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas: significant interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 genotypes, skin type and male gender..

[Initial results of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and genetic predisposition for laryngeal carcinoma] (1995)
Journal Article
Jahnke, V., Strange, R., Matthias, C., & Fryer, A. (1995). [Initial results of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and genetic predisposition for laryngeal carcinoma]. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 74(11), 691-694. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997826

Background While cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been linked to laryngeal carcinoma, the role of genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility is unknown. We describe the role of allelism at glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1,... Read More about [Initial results of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and genetic predisposition for laryngeal carcinoma].

Susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. (1995)
Journal Article
Duncan, H., Swanx, C., Green, J., Jones, P., Brannigan, K., Alldersea, J., …Strange, R. C. (1995). Susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. Clinica Chimica Acta, 240(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981%2895%2906127-4

The polymorphic glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci are attractive candidates for susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease because their enzymes catalyse the detoxification of products of oxidative stress and tobacco-derive... Read More about Susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: interactions between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes..

GSTM1 and CYP2D6 genotype frequencies in patients with pituitary tumours: effects on P53, ras and gsp. (1995)
Journal Article
Perrett, C. W., Clayton, R. N., Pistorello, M., Boscaro, M., Scanarini, M., Bates, A. S., …Strange, R. C. (1995). GSTM1 and CYP2D6 genotype frequencies in patients with pituitary tumours: effects on P53, ras and gsp. Carcinogenesis, 16(7), 1643–1645. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/16.7.1643

We describe studies to determine if susceptibility to pituitary tumours is associated with the putatively high risk GSTM1 null and CYP2D6 EM genotypes. Frequency distributions of these genotypes were similar in cases and controls though the frequency... Read More about GSTM1 and CYP2D6 genotype frequencies in patients with pituitary tumours: effects on P53, ras and gsp..

Studies on glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to laryngeal cancer,ERSTE ERGEBNISSE UBER GLUTATHION-S-TRANSFERASE GSTM1 UND GSTT1 GENOTYPEN UND DIE GENETISCHE PRADISPOSITION BEIM LARYNXKARZINOM (1995)
Journal Article
Jahnke, V., Strange, R., Matthias, C., & Fryer, A. (1995). Studies on glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and susceptibility to laryngeal cancer,ERSTE ERGEBNISSE UBER GLUTATHION-S-TRANSFERASE GSTM1 UND GSTT1 GENOTYPEN UND DIE GENETISCHE PRADISPOSITION BEIM LARYNXKARZINOM. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, 74(11), 691-694. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997826

Theta class glutathione s-transferase gstt1 genotypes and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia: Interactions with gstm1, cyp2d6 and smoking (1994)
Journal Article
Warwick, A., Sarhanis, P., Redman, C., Pemble, S., Taylor, J. B., Ketterer, B., …Strange, R. C. (1994). Theta class glutathione s-transferase gstt1 genotypes and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia: Interactions with gstm1, cyp2d6 and smoking. Carcinogenesis, 15(12), 2841–2845. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/15.12.2841

The factors that determine progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor, suggesting polymorphism at loci that encode carcinogenmetabolizing enzymes such as gl... Read More about Theta class glutathione s-transferase gstt1 genotypes and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia: Interactions with gstm1, cyp2d6 and smoking.

Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer: interactions of cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 EM and glutathione s-transferase GSTM1 null genotypes and cigarette smoking. (1994)
Journal Article
Warwick, A., Redman, C., Jones, P., Fryer, A., Gilford, J., Alldersea, J., & Strange, R. (1994). Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer: interactions of cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 EM and glutathione s-transferase GSTM1 null genotypes and cigarette smoking. British journal of cancer, 70, 704 -708. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1994.378

The factors that determine progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical neoplasia, suggesting that polymorphism at detoxicating enzy... Read More about Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer: interactions of cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 EM and glutathione s-transferase GSTM1 null genotypes and cigarette smoking..

Alpha, Mu and Pi Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Synovium and Cultured Synovial Fibroblasts: Effects of Interleukin-1α, Hydrogen Peroxide and Inhibition of Eicosanoid Synthesis (1993)
Journal Article
Mattey, D. L., Nixon, N., Alldersea, J. E., Cotton, W., Fryer, A. A., Zhao, L., …Strange, R. C. (1993). Alpha, Mu and Pi Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Synovium and Cultured Synovial Fibroblasts: Effects of Interleukin-1α, Hydrogen Peroxide and Inhibition of Eicosanoid Synthesis. Free Radical Research, 19(3), https://doi.org/10.3109/10715769309111599

We describe expression of alpha, mu and pi class glutathione S-transferases (GST) and, CuZn- and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in human synovium and cultured synovial fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting studies showed synovium and cul... Read More about Alpha, Mu and Pi Class Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Synovium and Cultured Synovial Fibroblasts: Effects of Interleukin-1α, Hydrogen Peroxide and Inhibition of Eicosanoid Synthesis.

Alpha, mu and pi class glutathione s-transferases in human synovium and cultured synovial fibroblasts: Effects of interleukin-1α hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis (1993)
Journal Article
Mattey, D. L., Nixon, N., Alldersea, J. E., Cotton, W., Fryer, A. A., Zhao, L., …Strange, R. C. (1993). Alpha, mu and pi class glutathione s-transferases in human synovium and cultured synovial fibroblasts: Effects of interleukin-1α hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis. Free Radical Research, 19(3), https://doi.org/10.3109/10715769309111599

Use of site-directed mutagenesis of allele-specific PCR primers to identify the GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B, GSTM1 A,B and GSTM1 null polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1 locus (1993)
Journal Article
Fryer, A. A., Zhao, L., Alldersea, J., Pearson, W. R., & Strange, R. C. (1993). Use of site-directed mutagenesis of allele-specific PCR primers to identify the GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B, GSTM1 A,B and GSTM1 null polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1 locus. Biochemical Journal, 295(1), 313–315

We describe the identification of the GSTM1 null, GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B and GSTM1 A,B polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 locus using a single-step PCR method. Target DNA was amplified using primers to intron 6 and exon 7 with site-direct... Read More about Use of site-directed mutagenesis of allele-specific PCR primers to identify the GSTM1 A, GSTM1 B, GSTM1 A,B and GSTM1 null polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTM1 locus.

Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation. (1993)
Journal Article
Fryer, A., Jones, P., Strange, R., Hume, R., & Bell, J. (1993). Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 100(9), 850-855. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x

Objective To establish reference ranges for the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, prealbumin (transthyretin) alpha-1-antitrypsin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and total protein in the plasma of normal human fetuses and newborn babies. Design Pro... Read More about Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation..

The glutathione S-transferases: polymerase chain reaction studies on the frequency of the GSTM1 0 genotype in patients with pituitary adenomas. (1993)
Journal Article
Fryer, A. A., Zhao, L., Alldersea, J., Boggild, M. D., Perrett, C. W., Clayton, R. N., …Strange, R. C. (1993). The glutathione S-transferases: polymerase chain reaction studies on the frequency of the GSTM1 0 genotype in patients with pituitary adenomas. Carcinogenesis, https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.4.563

The frequency of the GSTM1 0 polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus has been determined in controls and patients with pituitary adenomas by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify genomic DNA in the exon 4–5 region of the gene.... Read More about The glutathione S-transferases: polymerase chain reaction studies on the frequency of the GSTM1 0 genotype in patients with pituitary adenomas..

GSTM1 null polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus: phenotype and genotype studies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. (1993)
Journal Article
Davies, M. H., Elias, E., Acharya, S., Cotton, W., Faulder, G. C., Fryer, A. A., & Strange, R. C. (1993). GSTM1 null polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus: phenotype and genotype studies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Gut, 34(4), https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.34.4.549

Studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that the GSTM1 null phenotype at the mu (mu) class glutathione S-transferase 1 locus is associated with an increased predisposition to primary biliary cirrhosis. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to c... Read More about GSTM1 null polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus: phenotype and genotype studies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis..

Lipid peroxidation and expression of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in lungs of premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (1990)
Journal Article
Strange, R. C., Cotton, W., Fryer, A. A., Jones, P., Bell, J., & Hume, R. (1990). Lipid peroxidation and expression of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in lungs of premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 116(5), 666-673

The putative involvement of reactive oxygen species in the etiology of lung damage in infants receiving mechanical ventilation has been examined by comparing the levels of peroxidation and expression of the antioxidant enzymes, CuZn and Mn superoxide... Read More about Lipid peroxidation and expression of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase in lungs of premature infants with hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia..

The human glutathione S-transferases. Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of Alpha- and Pi-class isoenzymes in liver. (1988)
Journal Article
Hiley, C., Fryer, A., Bell, J., Hume, R., & Strange, R. C. (1988). The human glutathione S-transferases. Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of Alpha- and Pi-class isoenzymes in liver. Biochemical Journal, 254(1), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2540255

Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of the Alpha- and Pi-class glutathione S-transferases in human liver have shown that the Pi enzyme is expressed in bile-duct epithelium and some hepatocytes but not in haematopoietic cells.... Read More about The human glutathione S-transferases. Immunohistochemical studies of the developmental expression of Alpha- and Pi-class isoenzymes in liver..

Studies on the expression of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in human tissues during development. (1988)
Journal Article
Strange, R. C., Cotton, W., Fryer, A. A., Drew, R., Bradwell, A. R., Marshall, T., …Hume, R. (1988). Studies on the expression of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in human tissues during development. BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165%2888%2990174-2

The developmental expression of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in human lung and erythrocytes has been studied using activity measurements, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Enzyme activity in erythrocytes increased significantly during gestation... Read More about Studies on the expression of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in human tissues during development..

Studies on the developmental expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human heart and diaphragm. (1987)
Journal Article
Hirrell, P. A., Hume, R., Fryer, A. A., Collins, M. F., Drew, R., Bradwell, A., & Strange, R. C. (1987). Studies on the developmental expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human heart and diaphragm. BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 915(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838%2887%2990022-7

The developmental expression of the basic near-neutral and acidic isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase (RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) has been studied in heart and diaphragm. Neither these enzymes nor the putative muscle-specific GST4... Read More about Studies on the developmental expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human heart and diaphragm..

The development of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in human lung. (1986)
Journal Article
Fryer, A. A., Hume, R., & Strange, R. C. (1986). The development of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in human lung. BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 883(3), 448-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165%2886%2990283-7

The development of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities has been studied in human lung cytosols. Whilst no clear change in glutathione peroxidase activity was identified, expression of the acidic glutathione S-transferase i... Read More about The development of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in human lung..