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Outputs (98)

Identifying archived insect bulk samples using DNA metabarcoding: A case study using the long‐term Rothamsted Insect Survey (2024)
Journal Article
Petsopoulos, D., Cuff, J. P., Bell, J. R., Kitson, J. J. N., Collins, L., Boonham, N., …Evans, D. M. (2024). Identifying archived insect bulk samples using DNA metabarcoding: A case study using the long‐term Rothamsted Insect Survey. Environmental DNA, 6(3), e542. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.542

Insect populations are declining in many parts of the world, but a lack of long-term monitoring data is impeding our ability to understand and mitigate the causes of insect biodiversity loss. Whilst high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches, such a... Read More about Identifying archived insect bulk samples using DNA metabarcoding: A case study using the long‐term Rothamsted Insect Survey.

How aphids fly: take off, free flight and implications for short and long distance migration (2024)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., & Shephard, G. (in press). How aphids fly: take off, free flight and implications for short and long distance migration. Agricultural and forest entomology, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12623

An introduction to high‐speed photography and its entomological impact is provided, emphasizing the importance of high frame rates and high resolution. The take‐off and free flight of Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Myzus persicae were studied in still... Read More about How aphids fly: take off, free flight and implications for short and long distance migration.

Genome assembly and transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the ability of Nasonovia ribisnigri to break host plant resistance (2024)
Journal Article
Garrett, D., Teakle, G., Collier, R., Bell, J. R., Cerezo‐Medina, S., & Morales‐Hojas, R. (in press). Genome assembly and transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the ability of Nasonovia ribisnigri to break host plant resistance. Insect Molecular Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12894

Aphid genomic resources enable the study of complex life history traits and provide information on vector biology, host adaption and speciation. The currant–lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Mosley)) is a cosmopolitan pest o... Read More about Genome assembly and transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the ability of Nasonovia ribisnigri to break host plant resistance.

Sources of prey availability data alter interpretation of outputs from prey choice null networks (2024)
Journal Article
Cuff, J. P., Tercel, M. P., Windsor, F. M., Hawthorne, B. S., Hambäck, P. A., Bell, J. R., …Vaughan, I. P. (2024). Sources of prey availability data alter interpretation of outputs from prey choice null networks. Ecological Entomology, https://doi.org/10.1111/een.13315

Null models provide a valuable baseline against which fundamental ecological hypotheses can be tested and foraging choices that cannot be explained by neutral processes or sampling biases can be highlighted. In this way, null models can advance our u... Read More about Sources of prey availability data alter interpretation of outputs from prey choice null networks.

Temporal variation in spider trophic interactions is explained by the influence of weather on prey communities, web building and prey choice (2023)
Journal Article
Cuff, J. P., Windsor, F. M., Tercel, M. P., Bell, J. R., Symondson, W. O., & Vaughan, I. P. (2023). Temporal variation in spider trophic interactions is explained by the influence of weather on prey communities, web building and prey choice. Ecography, 2023(7), https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06737

Generalist invertebrate predators are sensitive to weather conditions, but the relationship between their trophic interactions and weather is poorly understood. This study investigates how weather affects the identity and frequency of spider trophic... Read More about Temporal variation in spider trophic interactions is explained by the influence of weather on prey communities, web building and prey choice.

Explainable neural networks for trait-based multispecies distribution modelling—A case study with butterflies and moths (2023)
Journal Article
Bourhis, Y., Bell, J., Shortall, C., W., K., & Milne, A. (2023). Explainable neural networks for trait-based multispecies distribution modelling—A case study with butterflies and moths. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14097

Species response traits mediate environmental effects on species distribution. Traits are used in joint and multispecies distribution models (JSDMs and MSDMs) to enable community-wide shared parameters that characterise niche filtering along environm... Read More about Explainable neural networks for trait-based multispecies distribution modelling—A case study with butterflies and moths.

Long‐term trends in migrating Brassicogethes aeneus in the UK (2023)
Journal Article
Shortall, C., Cook, S. M., Mauchline, A. L., & Bell, J. (2023). Long‐term trends in migrating Brassicogethes aeneus in the UK. Pest Management Science, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7501

BACKGROUND The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) causes significant yield loss in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Predicting population changes remains a scientific challenge, especially since its phenology and abundance varies dramatically over... Read More about Long‐term trends in migrating Brassicogethes aeneus in the UK.

Floral enhancement of arable field margins increases moth abundance and diversity (2023)
Journal Article
Blumgart, D., Botham, M. S., Menéndez, R., & Bell, J. R. (2023). Floral enhancement of arable field margins increases moth abundance and diversity. Journal of Insect Conservation, 27, 455–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-023-00469-9

Moth populations have declined across large parts of north-western Europe since the mid-20th century due, in part, to agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are widely implemented across Europe to protect biodiversity in agricul... Read More about Floral enhancement of arable field margins increases moth abundance and diversity.

Quantifying inherent predictability and spatial synchrony in the aphid vector Myzus persicae - field-scale patterns of abundance and regional forecasting error in the UK (2022)
Journal Article
Bell, J., Clark, S. J., Stevens, M., & Mead, A. (2023). Quantifying inherent predictability and spatial synchrony in the aphid vector Myzus persicae - field-scale patterns of abundance and regional forecasting error in the UK. Pest Management Science, 79(4), https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7292

Background Sugar beet is threatened by virus yellows, a disease complex vectored by aphids that reduces sugar content. We present an analysis of Myzus persicae population dynamics with and without neonicotinoid seed treatment. We use 6 years' yellow... Read More about Quantifying inherent predictability and spatial synchrony in the aphid vector Myzus persicae - field-scale patterns of abundance and regional forecasting error in the UK.

Demography of Common Swifts (Apus apus) breeding in the UK associated with local weather but not aphid biomass (2022)
Journal Article
Finch, T., Bell, J. R., Robinson, R. A., & Peach, W. J. (2023). Demography of Common Swifts (Apus apus) breeding in the UK associated with local weather but not aphid biomass. Ibis, 165(2), 420-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13156

In common with many other insectivorous birds, the Common Swift Apus apus is undergoing population declines, with an estimated 57% reduction in abundance between 1995 and 2017 in the UK. The ultimate drivers of this decline are poorly understood but... Read More about Demography of Common Swifts (Apus apus) breeding in the UK associated with local weather but not aphid biomass.

Disorder or a new order - How climate change affects phenological variability (2022)
Journal Article
Stemkovski, M., Bell, J. R., Ellwood, E. R., Inouye, B. D., Kobori, H., Don Lee, S., …Pearse, W. D. (2023). Disorder or a new order - How climate change affects phenological variability. Ecology, 104(1), https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3846

Advancing spring phenology is a well documented consequence of anthropogenic climate change, but it is not well understood how climate change will affect the variability of phenology year to year. Species' phenological timings reflect the adaptation... Read More about Disorder or a new order - How climate change affects phenological variability.

Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability (2022)
Journal Article
Blumgart, D., Botham, M. S., Menéndez, R., & Bell, J. R. (2022). Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 15(5), 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12578

While agricultural intensification and habitat loss are cited as key drivers of moth decline, these alone cannot explain declines observed in UK woodlands – a habitat that has expanded in area since 1968. We quantified how moth communities changed a... Read More about Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability.

Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability - data and code for analysis (2022)
Dataset
Blumgart, D., Botham, M., Menéndez, R., & Bell, J. (2022). Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability - data and code for analysis. [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.23637/rothamsted.98852

This collection of datasets and R code contains all that is necessary to repeat the analysis in the publication "Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability" - Blumgart et al. 2022. It contains moth... Read More about Moth declines are most severe in broadleaf woodlands despite a net gain in habitat availability - data and code for analysis.

Density-independent prey choice, taxonomy, life history, and web characteristics determine the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) in cereal crops (2021)
Journal Article
Cuff, J. P., Tercel, M. P., Drake, L. E., Vaughan, I. P., Bell, J. R., Orozco-terWengel, P., …Symondson, W. O. (2022). Density-independent prey choice, taxonomy, life history, and web characteristics determine the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) in cereal crops. Environmental DNA, 4(3), https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.272

Spiders are among the dominant invertebrate predators in agricultural systems and are significant regulators of insect pests. The precise dynamics of biocontrol of pests in the field are, however, poorly understood. This study investigates how densit... Read More about Density-independent prey choice, taxonomy, life history, and web characteristics determine the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) in cereal crops.

Resolving the identification of weak-flying insects during flight: a coupling between rigorous data processing and biology (2021)
Journal Article
Hassall, K. L., Dye, A., Potamitis, I., & Bell, J. R. (2021). Resolving the identification of weak-flying insects during flight: a coupling between rigorous data processing and biology. Agricultural and forest entomology, 23(4), 489-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12453

Bioacoustic methods play an increasingly important role for the detection of insects in a range of surveillance and monitoring programmes. Weak-flying insects evade detection because they do not yield sufficient audio information to capture wingbeat... Read More about Resolving the identification of weak-flying insects during flight: a coupling between rigorous data processing and biology.

MEDI: Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from invertebrates, a rapid, cheap and streamlined protocol (2021)
Journal Article
Cuff, J. P., Wilder, S. M., Tercel, M. P., Hunt, R., Oluwaseun, S., Morley, P. S., …Müller, C. T. (2021). MEDI: Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from invertebrates, a rapid, cheap and streamlined protocol. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 12(4), 593-601. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13551

Macronutrients, comprising carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, underpin many ecological processes, but their quantification in ecological studies is often inaccurate and laborious, requiring large investments of time and bulk samples, which make indi... Read More about MEDI: Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from invertebrates, a rapid, cheap and streamlined protocol.

The State of Britain’s Larger Moths 2021 (2021)
Report
R., F., E. B., D., C. A., H., D., B., Bell, J., Shortall, C., …N. A. D., B. (2021). The State of Britain’s Larger Moths 2021. Butterfly Conservation: BBSRC

Extracted features from opto-acoustic audio recordings of aphids and beetles (2020)
Dataset
Hassall, K. L., Dye, A., & Bell, J. (2020). Extracted features from opto-acoustic audio recordings of aphids and beetles. [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.23637/rothamsted.981w8

Opto-acoustic recorders have been utilised to record the flight of weak-flying insects including aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and beetles (Coleoptera). These data include 52 extracted features from 4928 audio recordings collected in 2019 and 2020 of... Read More about Extracted features from opto-acoustic audio recordings of aphids and beetles.

Artificial neural networks for monitoring network optimisation—a practical example using a national insect survey (2020)
Journal Article
Bourhis, Y., Bell, J., Bosch, F., V. D., & Milne, A. (2021). Artificial neural networks for monitoring network optimisation—a practical example using a national insect survey. Environmental Modelling and Software, 135, Article 104925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104925

Monitoring networks are improved by additional sensors. Optimal configurations of sensors give better representations of the process of interest, maximising its exploration while minimising the need for costly infrastructure. By modelling the monitor... Read More about Artificial neural networks for monitoring network optimisation—a practical example using a national insect survey.

Money spider dietary choice in pre‐ and post‐harvest cereal crops using metabarcoding (2020)
Journal Article
Cuff, J. P., Drake, L. E., Tercel, M. P., Stockdale, J. E., Orozco-terWengel, P., Bell, J. R., …Symondson, W. O. (2021). Money spider dietary choice in pre‐ and post‐harvest cereal crops using metabarcoding. Ecological Entomology, 46(2), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12957

Money spiders (Linyphiidae) are an important component of conservation biological control in cereal crops, but they rely on alternative prey when pests are not abundant, such as between cropping cycles. To optimally benefit from these generalist pred... Read More about Money spider dietary choice in pre‐ and post‐harvest cereal crops using metabarcoding.

Aerial psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) detection and monitoring using suction traps in Britain: population observations, new species found and a revised British checklist (2020)
Journal Article
Greenslade, A. F., Carnegie, M., Ouvrard, D., Sjölund, M. J., Highet, F., Sigvald, R., …Bell, J. (2020). Aerial psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) detection and monitoring using suction traps in Britain: population observations, new species found and a revised British checklist. Entomologist's Gazette, 71(3), 151-163. https://doi.org/10.31184/G00138894.713.1749

The Psylloidea contains species that can transmit pathogens to plants, including important agricultural crops e.g. the proteobacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (CaLsol) to potatoes. To obtain a better understanding of British psyllid po... Read More about Aerial psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) detection and monitoring using suction traps in Britain: population observations, new species found and a revised British checklist.

Smart Armyworm Surveillance: Project Technical Report (2020)
Report
Pearson, A., Bell, J., Subramanian, S., & Ouma, K. (2020). Smart Armyworm Surveillance: Project Technical Report. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

This project was designed to test three different technologies for monitoring the fall armyworm, a highly migratory moth pest of maize in Kenya. This insect is invasive and is estimated to have caused between US$200 and US$600 million dollars’ worth... Read More about Smart Armyworm Surveillance: Project Technical Report.

UK aphid migration percentiles, covariates and model outputs from the Rothamsted Insect Survey's 12.2 m suction-trap network: 1965 to 2018 (2020)
Dataset
Bourhis, Y., Bell, J., Bosch, F., V. D., & Milne, A. (2020). UK aphid migration percentiles, covariates and model outputs from the Rothamsted Insect Survey's 12.2 m suction-trap network: 1965 to 2018. [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.23637/rothamsted.979yv

This dataset contains a measure of aphid arrival, the day of 1% detection (D1D), i.e. the Julian day at which 1% of the yearly aphid abundance has been captured. It is measured for 14 aphid species across the UK, from 1965 to 2018, by the Rothamsted... Read More about UK aphid migration percentiles, covariates and model outputs from the Rothamsted Insect Survey's 12.2 m suction-trap network: 1965 to 2018.

A diagnostic real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of the tomato-potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) and development of a psyllid barcoding database (2020)
Journal Article
Sumner-Kalkun, J., Sjölund, M., Arnsdorf, Y., Carnegie, M., Highet, F., Ouvrard, D., …Kenyon, D. (2020). A diagnostic real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of the tomato-potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) and development of a psyllid barcoding database. PloS one, 15(3), Article e0230741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230741

The accurate and rapid identification of insect pests is an important step in the prevention and control of outbreaks in areas that are otherwise pest free. The potato-tomato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) is the main vector of ‘Candidat... Read More about A diagnostic real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of the tomato-potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) and development of a psyllid barcoding database.

Rothamsted Insect Survey, Moth and Aphid catch abundance data (2020)
Dataset
Bell, J., Blumgart, D., & Shortall, C. (2020). Rothamsted Insect Survey, Moth and Aphid catch abundance data. [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.23637/rothamsted.975qz

This dataset contains Moth and Aphid catch abundance data from the Rothamsted Insect Survey light-trap and suction trap networks. The dataset is a supplement to Bell et al (2020) (https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12412) and can be used to reproduce the R... Read More about Rothamsted Insect Survey, Moth and Aphid catch abundance data.

Are insects declining and at what rate? An analysis of standardised, systematic catches of aphid and moth abundances across Great Britain (2020)
Journal Article
Bell, J., Blumgart, D., & Shortall, C. (2020). Are insects declining and at what rate? An analysis of standardised, systematic catches of aphid and moth abundances across Great Britain. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 13(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12412

Although we have known anecdotally that insects have been declining in Great Britain for more than 100 years, insect declines have only been statistically estimated over the last 20 years. Estimation of the rate of those declines is still hotly debat... Read More about Are insects declining and at what rate? An analysis of standardised, systematic catches of aphid and moth abundances across Great Britain.

Population genetic structure and predominance of cyclical parthenogenesis in the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi in England (2020)
Journal Article
Morales-Hojas, R., Gonzalez-Uriarte, A., Alvira Iraizoz, F., Jenkins, T., Alderson, L., Kruger, T., …Bell, J. R. (2020). Population genetic structure and predominance of cyclical parthenogenesis in the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi in England. Evolutionary Applications, 13(5), 1009-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12917

Genetic diversity is the determinant for pest species’ success and vector competence. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine the genetic diversity is fundamental to help identify the spatial scale at which pest populat... Read More about Population genetic structure and predominance of cyclical parthenogenesis in the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi in England.

Moth biomass has fluctuated over 50 years in Britain but lacks a clear trend (2019)
Journal Article
Macgregor, C. J., Williams, J. H., Bell, J. R., & Thomas, C. D. (2019). Moth biomass has fluctuated over 50 years in Britain but lacks a clear trend. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3, 1645–1649. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1028-6

Steep insect biomass declines ('insectageddon') have been widely reported, despite a lack of continuously collected biomass data from replicated long-term monitoring sites. Such severe declines are not supported by the world’s longest running insect... Read More about Moth biomass has fluctuated over 50 years in Britain but lacks a clear trend.

Genetic structure at national and regional scale in a long-distance dispersing pest organism, the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (2019)
Journal Article
Morales-Hojas, R., Gonzalez-Uriarte, A., Alvira Iraizoz, F., Jenkins, T., Alderson, L., Kruger, T., …Bell, J. R. (2019). Genetic structure at national and regional scale in a long-distance dispersing pest organism, the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/829986

Genetic diversity is determinant for pest species’ success and vector competence. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine the genetic diversity is fundamental to help identify the spatial scale at which pest populations... Read More about Genetic structure at national and regional scale in a long-distance dispersing pest organism, the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi.

Climate-induced phenology shifts linked to range expansions in species with multiple reproductive cycles per year (2019)
Journal Article
Macgregor, C. J., Thomas, C. D., Roy, D. B., Beaumont, M. A., Bell, J. R., Brereton, T., …Hill, J. K. (2019). Climate-induced phenology shifts linked to range expansions in species with multiple reproductive cycles per year. Nature Communications, 10, Article 4455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12479-w

Advances in phenology (the annual timing of species’ life-cycles) in response to climate change are generally viewed as bioindicators of climate change, but have not been considered as predictors of range expansions. Here, we show that phenology adva... Read More about Climate-induced phenology shifts linked to range expansions in species with multiple reproductive cycles per year.

Spatial and habitat variation in aphid, butterfly, moth and bird phenologies over the last half century (2019)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Botham, M. S., Henrys, P. A., Leech, D. I., Pearce-Higgins, J. W., Shortall, C. R., …Thackeray, S. J. (2019). Spatial and habitat variation in aphid, butterfly, moth and bird phenologies over the last half century. Global Change Biology, 25(6), 1982-1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14592

Global warming has advanced the timing of biological events, potentially leading to disruption across trophic levels. The potential importance of phenological change as a driver of population trends has been suggested. To fully understand the possibl... Read More about Spatial and habitat variation in aphid, butterfly, moth and bird phenologies over the last half century.

Insect population trends and the IUCN Red List process (2018)
Journal Article
Fox, R., Harrower, C. A., Bell, J. R., Shortall, C. R., Middlebrook, I., & Wilson, R. J. (2018). Insect population trends and the IUCN Red List process. Journal of Insect Conservation, 23, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0117-1

Reliable assessment of extinction risk is a key factor in the preparation of Red Lists and in prioritizing biodiversity conservation. Temporal population trends can provide important evidence for such assessments, but imperfect sampling (observation... Read More about Insect population trends and the IUCN Red List process.

Dynamic selection of environmental variables to improve the prediction of aphid phenology: A machine learning approach (2018)
Journal Article
Holloway, P., Kudenko, D., & Bell, J. R. (2018). Dynamic selection of environmental variables to improve the prediction of aphid phenology: A machine learning approach. Ecological Indicators, 88, 512-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.032

Insect pests now pose a greater threat to crop production given the recent emergence of insecticide resistance, the removal of effective compounds from the market (e.g. neonicotinoids) and the changing climate that promotes successful overwintering a... Read More about Dynamic selection of environmental variables to improve the prediction of aphid phenology: A machine learning approach.

The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity (2017)
Journal Article
Franks, S. E., Pearce-Higgins, J. W., Atkinson, S., Bell, J. R., Botham, M. S., Brereton, T. M., …Leech, D. I. (2018). The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity. Global Change Biology, 24(3), 957-971. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13960

A consequence of climate change has been an advance in the timing of seasonal events. Differences in the rate of advance between trophic levels may result in predators becoming mismatched with prey availability, reducing fitness and potentially drivi... Read More about The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity.

Aphid population dynamics: from fields to landscapes. (2017)
Book Chapter
Bell, J., Pierre, J., & Dedryver, C. (2017). Aphid population dynamics: from fields to landscapes. In Aphids as crop pests (280-302). (2). Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780647098.0280

Cereal aphid studies form the backbone of this chapter and will be discussed at length, but shall also occasionally discuss the dynamics of aphids that use other annual crops and trees as their host. The overall purpose is to outline the components o... Read More about Aphid population dynamics: from fields to landscapes..

A New Approach to Modelling the Relationship Between Annual Population Abundance Indices and Weather Data (2017)
Journal Article
Elston, D., Brewer, M., Martay, B., Johnston, A., Henrys, P., Bell, J., …Pearce-Higgins, J. (2017). A New Approach to Modelling the Relationship Between Annual Population Abundance Indices and Weather Data. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-017-0287-4

Weather has often been associated with fluctuations in population sizes of species; however, it can be difficult to estimate the effects satisfactorily because population size is naturally measured by annual abundance indices whilst weather varies on... Read More about A New Approach to Modelling the Relationship Between Annual Population Abundance Indices and Weather Data.

Handbook of protocols for standardized measurement of terrestrial invertebrate functional traits (2016)
Journal Article
Moretti, M., Dias, A. T., de Bello, F., Altermatt, F., Chown, S. L., Azcárate, F. M., …Berg, M. P. (2017). Handbook of protocols for standardized measurement of terrestrial invertebrate functional traits. Functional Ecology, 31(3), 558-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12776

Trait-based approaches are increasingly being used to test mechanisms underlying species assemblages and biotic interactions across a wide range of organisms including terrestrial arthropods and to investigate consequences for ecosystem processes. Su... Read More about Handbook of protocols for standardized measurement of terrestrial invertebrate functional traits.

Impacts of climate change on national biodiversity population trends (2016)
Journal Article
Martay, B., Brewer, M., Elston, D., Bell, J., Harrington, R., Brereton, T., …Pearce-Higgins, J. (2017). Impacts of climate change on national biodiversity population trends. Ecography, 40(10), 1139-1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02411

Climate change has had well-documented impacts on the distribution and phenology of species across many taxa, but impacts on species’ abundance, which relates closely to extinction risk and ecosystem function, have not been assessed across taxa. In t... Read More about Impacts of climate change on national biodiversity population trends.

The Unique Contribution of Rothamsted to Ecological Research at Large Temporal Scales (2016)
Book Chapter
Storkey, J., Macdonald, A., Bell, J., Clark, I., Gregory, A., Hawkins, N., …Whitmore, A. (2016). The Unique Contribution of Rothamsted to Ecological Research at Large Temporal Scales. In Advances in Ecological Research (3-42). (55). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.002

The Rothamsted Estate in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, is home to the longest running ecological and agricultural experiments in the world that have generated unique data sets on the assembly and functioning of ecosystems that stretch back more than... Read More about The Unique Contribution of Rothamsted to Ecological Research at Large Temporal Scales.

Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels (2016)
Journal Article
Thackeray, S. J., Henrys, P. A., Hemming, D., Bell, J. R., Botham, M. S., Burthe, S., …Wanless, S. (2016). Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels. Nature, 535, 241–245. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18608

Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at dif... Read More about Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels.

Quantifying interspecific variation in dispersal ability of noctuid moths using an advanced tethered flight technique (2015)
Journal Article
Jones, H. B., Lim, K. S., Bell, J. R., Hill, J. K., & Chapman, J. W. (2016). Quantifying interspecific variation in dispersal ability of noctuid moths using an advanced tethered flight technique. Ecology and Evolution, 6(1), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1861

Dispersal plays a crucial role in many aspects of species' life histories, yet is often difficult to measure directly. This is particularly true for many insects, especially nocturnal species (e.g. moths) that cannot be easily observed under natural... Read More about Quantifying interspecific variation in dispersal ability of noctuid moths using an advanced tethered flight technique.

Changes in large-scale climate alter spatial synchrony of aphid pests (2015)
Journal Article
Sheppard, L. W., Bell, J. R., Harrington, R., & Reuman, D. C. (2016). Changes in large-scale climate alter spatial synchrony of aphid pests. Nature Climate Change, 6, Article 610-613. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2881

Spatial synchrony, the tendency of distant populations to fluctuate similarly, is a major concern in ecology1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Except in special circumstances3,9, researchers historically had difficulty identifying drivers of synchrony in field systems... Read More about Changes in large-scale climate alter spatial synchrony of aphid pests.

Organic Farming: Biodiversity Impacts Can Depend on Dispersal Characteristics and Landscape Context (2015)
Journal Article
Feber, R. E., Johnson, P. J., Bell, J. R., Chamberlain, D. E., Firbank, L. G., Fuller, R. J., …Macdonald, D. W. (2015). Organic Farming: Biodiversity Impacts Can Depend on Dispersal Characteristics and Landscape Context. PloS one, 10(8), Article e0135921. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135921

Organic farming, a low intensity system, may offer benefits for a range of taxa, but what affects the extent of those benefits is imperfectly understood. We explored the effects of organic farming and landscape on the activity density and species den... Read More about Organic Farming: Biodiversity Impacts Can Depend on Dispersal Characteristics and Landscape Context.

Large-scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host (2015)
Journal Article
PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ, J., SHORTALL, C. R., & BELL, J. R. (2015). Large-scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host. Ecological Entomology, 40(5), 654-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12241

1. Parasitoids are a valuable group for conservation biological control. In their role as regulators of aphid pests, it is critical that their lifecycle is synchronised with their hosts in both space and time. This is because a synchronised parasitoi... Read More about Large-scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host.

Long-term phenological trends, species accumulation rates, aphid traits and climate: five decades of change in migrating aphids (2014)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Alderson, L., Izera, D., Kruger, T., Parker, S., Pickup, J., …Harrington, R. (2015). Long-term phenological trends, species accumulation rates, aphid traits and climate: five decades of change in migrating aphids. Journal of Animal Ecology, 84(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12282

Aphids represent a significant challenge to food production. The Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS) runs a network of 12·2-m suction-traps throughout the year to collect migrating aphids. In 2014, the RIS celebrated its 50th anniversary. This paper marks... Read More about Long-term phenological trends, species accumulation rates, aphid traits and climate: five decades of change in migrating aphids.

Population metrics for migrating aphids (2013)
Presentation / Conference
Bell, J., Harrington, R., Taylor, M., & Verrier, P. (2013, December). Population metrics for migrating aphids. Paper presented at Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists

Predicting Insect Migration Density and Speed in the Daytime Convective Boundary Layer (2013)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Aralimarad, P., Lim, K., & Chapman, J. W. (2013). Predicting Insect Migration Density and Speed in the Daytime Convective Boundary Layer. PloS one, 8(1), Article e54202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054202

Insect migration needs to be quantified if spatial and temporal patterns in populations are to be resolved. Yet so little ecology is understood above the flight boundary layer (i.e. >10 m) where in north-west Europe an estimated 3 billion insects km−... Read More about Predicting Insect Migration Density and Speed in the Daytime Convective Boundary Layer.

Intraguild predation in winter wheat: prey choice by a common epigeal carabid consuming spiders (2012)
Journal Article
Davey, J. S., Vaughan, I. P., King, R. A., Bell, J. R., Bohan, D. A., Bruford, M. W., …Symondson, W. O. (2013). Intraguild predation in winter wheat: prey choice by a common epigeal carabid consuming spiders. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(1), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12008

Predators can provide a valuable ecosystem service by suppressing crop pests. However, intraguild predation, where predators compete for the same prey resource whilst consuming each other, may destabilize population dynamics and increase the risk of... Read More about Intraguild predation in winter wheat: prey choice by a common epigeal carabid consuming spiders.

Seasonal migration to high latitudes results in major reproductive benefits in an insect (2012)
Journal Article
Chapman, J. W., Bell, J. R., Burgin, L. E., Reynolds, D. R., Pettersson, L. B., Hill, J. K., …Thomas, J. A. (2012). Seasonal migration to high latitudes results in major reproductive benefits in an insect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(37), 14924-14929. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207255109

Little is known of the population dynamics of long-range insect migrants, and it has been suggested that the annual journeys of billions of nonhardy insects to exploit temperate zones during summer represent a sink from which future generations seldo... Read More about Seasonal migration to high latitudes results in major reproductive benefits in an insect.

Climatic change is advancing the phenology of moth species in Ireland (2012)
Journal Article
O’Neill, B. F., Bond, K., Tyner, A., Sheppard, R., Bryant, T., Chapman, J., …Donnelly, A. (2012). Climatic change is advancing the phenology of moth species in Ireland. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 143(1), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01234.x

Recent increases in global temperatures have contributed to advancing phenology of plants and animals. These increases in temperature have been shown to affect the phenological phases (phenophases) of plants and birds in Ireland, but less is known ab... Read More about Climatic change is advancing the phenology of moth species in Ireland.

Putting the brakes on a cycle: bottom-up effects damp cycle amplitude (2012)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Burkness, E. C., Milne, A. E., Onstad, D. W., Abrahamson, M., Hamilton, K. L., & Hutchison, W. D. (2012). Putting the brakes on a cycle: bottom-up effects damp cycle amplitude. Ecology Letters, 15(4), 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01739.x

Pest population density oscillations have a profound effect on agroecosystem functioning, particularly when pests cycle with epidemic persistence. Here, we ask whether landscape-level manipulations can be used to restrict the cycle amplitude of the E... Read More about Putting the brakes on a cycle: bottom-up effects damp cycle amplitude.

Suction sampling as a significant source of error in molecular analysis of predator diets (2011)
Journal Article
King, R., Davey, J., Bell, J., Read, D., Bohan, D., & Symondson, W. (2012). Suction sampling as a significant source of error in molecular analysis of predator diets. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 102(3), 261 - 266. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485311000575

The molecular detection of predation is a fast growing field, allowing highly specific and sensitive detection of prey DNA within the gut contents or faeces of a predator. Like all molecular methods, this technique is prone to potential sources of er... Read More about Suction sampling as a significant source of error in molecular analysis of predator diets.

Generalist predators disrupt parasitoid aphid control by direct and coincidental intraguild predation (2011)
Journal Article
Traugott, M., Bell, J., Raso, L., Sint, D., & Symondson, W. (2012). Generalist predators disrupt parasitoid aphid control by direct and coincidental intraguild predation. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 102(2), 239 - 247. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000551

Generalist predators and parasitoids are considered to be important regulators of aphids. The former not only feed on these pests, but might also consume parasitoids at all stages of development. This direct or coincidental interference affects the n... Read More about Generalist predators disrupt parasitoid aphid control by direct and coincidental intraguild predation.

The trait and host plant ecology of aphids and their distribution and abundance in the United Kingdom (2011)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Taylor, M. S., Shortall, C. R., Welham, S. J., & Harrington, R. (2012). The trait and host plant ecology of aphids and their distribution and abundance in the United Kingdom. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21(4), 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00685.x

Aim We characterized the annual populations of 170 aphid species by their log abundance, site occupancy and site continuity (i.e. the persistence of species in time) and used this information to make predictions about groups of species that displayed... Read More about The trait and host plant ecology of aphids and their distribution and abundance in the United Kingdom.

Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments (2010)
Journal Article
THACKERAY, S. J., SPARKS, T. H., FREDERIKSEN, M., BURTHE, S., BACON, P. J., BELL, J. R., …WANLESS, S. (2010). Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Global Change Biology, 16(12), 3304-3313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02165.x

Recent changes in the seasonal timing (phenology) of familiar biological events have been one of the most conspicuous signs of climate change. However, the lack of a standardized approach to analysing change has hampered assessment of consistency in... Read More about Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments.

Multiplex reactions for the molecular detection of predation on pest and nonpest invertebrates in agroecosystems (2010)
Journal Article
KING, R. A., MORENO-RIPOLL, R., AGUSTÍ, N., SHAYLER, S. P., BELL, J. R., BOHAN, D. A., & SYMONDSON, W. O. (2011). Multiplex reactions for the molecular detection of predation on pest and nonpest invertebrates in agroecosystems. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11(2), 370-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02913.x

Species- and group-specific PCR primers were developed to study predation on pest and nonpest invertebrate species by generalist carabid predators in agroecosystems. To ensure the amplification of degraded DNA in predator gut samples, amplicons were... Read More about Multiplex reactions for the molecular detection of predation on pest and nonpest invertebrates in agroecosystems.

Prey choice by carabid beetles feeding on an earthworm community analysed using species- and lineage-specific PCR primers (2010)
Journal Article
KING, R. A., VAUGHAN, I. P., BELL, J. R., BOHAN, D. A., & SYMONDSON, W. O. (2010). Prey choice by carabid beetles feeding on an earthworm community analysed using species- and lineage-specific PCR primers. Molecular Ecology, 19(8), 1721-1732. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04602.x

The carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius is a major natural enemy of pests, such as aphids and slugs in agricultural systems. Earthworms are a dominant non-pest component of the diet of P. melanarius which help sustain the beetles during periods wh... Read More about Prey choice by carabid beetles feeding on an earthworm community analysed using species- and lineage-specific PCR primers.

The GAMes aphids play (2009)
Conference Proceeding
Bell, J., Harrington, R., Welham, S., Clark, S., & Pickup, J. (2009). The GAMes aphids play.

BICCO-Net: the Biodiversity Impacts of Climate Change Observation Network (2009)
Presentation / Conference
Chamberlain, D., Eglington, S., Haysom, K., Roy, D., Willis, S., Broome, A., …Bell, J. R. (2009, June). BICCO-Net: the Biodiversity Impacts of Climate Change Observation Network. Paper presented at ZSL Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Symposium, London, UK

Endoparasitism in cereal aphids: molecular analysis of a whole parasitoid community (2008)
Journal Article
TRAUGOTT, M., BELL, J., BROAD, G., POWELL, W., VAN VEEN, F., VOLLHARDT, I., & SYMONDSON, W. (2008). Endoparasitism in cereal aphids: molecular analysis of a whole parasitoid community. Molecular Ecology, 17(17), 3928-3938. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03878.x

Insect parasitoids play a major role in terrestrial food webs as they are highly diverse, exploit a wide range of niches and are capable of affecting host population dynamics. Formidable difficulties are encountered when attempting to quantify host–p... Read More about Endoparasitism in cereal aphids: molecular analysis of a whole parasitoid community.

Beneficial links for the control of aphids: the effects of compost applications on predators and prey (2008)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Traugott, M., Sunderland, K. D., Skirvin, D. J., Mead, A., Kravar-Garde, L., …Symondson, W. O. (2008). Beneficial links for the control of aphids: the effects of compost applications on predators and prey. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(4), 1266-1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01479.x

1 Polyphagous predators, such as spiders and beetles, perform a fundamental ecosystem service as regulators of agricultural pests, particularly aphids. They are most effective when they colonize the crop before the pest has reached its exponential g... Read More about Beneficial links for the control of aphids: the effects of compost applications on predators and prey.

Do functional traits improve prediction of predation rates for a disparate group of aphid predators? (2008)
Journal Article
Bell, J., Mead, A., Skirvin, D., Sunderland, K., Fenlon, J., & Symondson, W. (2008). Do functional traits improve prediction of predation rates for a disparate group of aphid predators?. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 98(6), 587 - 597. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005919

Aphid predators are a systematically disparate group of arthropods united on the basis that they consume aphids as part of their diet. In Europe, this group includes Araneae, Opiliones, Heteroptera, chrysopids, Forficulina, syrphid larvae, carabids,... Read More about Do functional traits improve prediction of predation rates for a disparate group of aphid predators?.

Weed and invertebrate community compositions in arable farmland (2008)
Journal Article
Smith, V., Bohan, D. A., Clark, S. J., Haughton, A. J., Bell, J. R., & Heard, M. S. (2008). Weed and invertebrate community compositions in arable farmland. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2, Article 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-007-9027-y

A large proportion of the land surface area of Great Britain (GB) is used for arable agriculture. Due to changes in farm management practices over the last 50 years, there have been marked declines in the abundance of arable wildlife groups of conser... Read More about Weed and invertebrate community compositions in arable farmland.

Molecular detection of predation on earthworms (2007)
Presentation / Conference
King, R., Bell, J., Bohan, D., & Symondson, W. (2007, September). Molecular detection of predation on earthworms. Paper presented at UK and Irish Earthworm Researchers' Meeting, London, UK

Ballooning dispersal in arthropod taxa: conditions at take-off (2007)
Journal Article
Reynolds, A. M., Bohan, D. A., & Bell, J. R. (2007). Ballooning dispersal in arthropod taxa: conditions at take-off. Biology Letters, 3(3), https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0109

We have solved a long-standing and seemingly paradoxical set of questions that relate to the conditions which govern spider ballooning. We show that observations of spider ballooning excursions are best explained by meteorological conditions which ma... Read More about Ballooning dispersal in arthropod taxa: conditions at take-off.

Ballooning dispersal in arthropod taxa with convergent behaviours: dynamic properties of ballooning silk in turbulent flows (2006)
Journal Article
Reynolds, A., Bohan, D., & Bell, J. (2006). Ballooning dispersal in arthropod taxa with convergent behaviours: dynamic properties of ballooning silk in turbulent flows. Biology Letters, 2(3), 371–373. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0486

We present a new model of ballooning behaviour in arthropods in which draglines are regarded as being extendible and completely flexible. Our numerical simulations reveal that silk draglines within turbulent flows can become twisted and stretched int... Read More about Ballooning dispersal in arthropod taxa with convergent behaviours: dynamic properties of ballooning silk in turbulent flows.

The emergence of manipulative experiments in ecological spider research (1684-1973) (2005)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R. (2005). The emergence of manipulative experiments in ecological spider research (1684-1973). Journal of Arachnology, 33(3), 826-849. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202%282005%29033%5B0826%3ATEOMEI%5D2.0.CO%3B2

The history of spider ecology is discussed from its early beginnings in 1684 when the natural historian Martin Lister published his observations, to the post-war period up until 1973 when ecological spider research gathered momentum. While there have... Read More about The emergence of manipulative experiments in ecological spider research (1684-1973).

Detection of secondary predation by PCR analyses of the gut contents of invertebrate generalist predators (2005)
Journal Article
SHEPPARD, S., BELL, J., SUNDERLAND, K., FENLON, J., SKERVIN, D., & SYMONDSON, W. (2005). Detection of secondary predation by PCR analyses of the gut contents of invertebrate generalist predators. Molecular Ecology, 14(14), 4461-4468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02742.x

Predation by generalist predators is difficult to study in the field because of the complex effects of positive and negative interactions within and between predator species and guilds. Predation can be monitored by molecular means, through identific... Read More about Detection of secondary predation by PCR analyses of the gut contents of invertebrate generalist predators.

Can simple experimental electronics simulate the dispersal phase of spider ballooners? (2005)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Bohan, D. A., Le Fevre, R., & Weyman, G. S. (2005). Can simple experimental electronics simulate the dispersal phase of spider ballooners?. Journal of Arachnology, 33(2), 523-532. https://doi.org/10.1636/04-91.1

Here we describe the structure of a fall speed chamber designed to measure, with low experimental error, the terminal velocities (fall speeds) of spiders of known weight and a given length of silk. We also describe the construction of a simulated ind... Read More about Can simple experimental electronics simulate the dispersal phase of spider ballooners?.

Ballooning dispersal using silk: world fauna, phylogenies, genetics and models (2005)
Journal Article
Bell, J., Bohan, D., Shaw, E., & Weyman, G. (2005). Ballooning dispersal using silk: world fauna, phylogenies, genetics and models. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95(2), 69 - 114. https://doi.org/10.1079/BER2004350

Aerial dispersal using silk (‘ballooning’) has evolved in spiders (Araneae), spider mites (Acari) and in the larvae of moths (Lepidoptera). Since the 17th century, over 500 observations of ballooning behaviours have been published, yet there is an ab... Read More about Ballooning dispersal using silk: world fauna, phylogenies, genetics and models.

Manipulating the abundance of Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae : Linyphiidae) by field margin management (2002)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Johnson, P. J., Hambler, C., Haughton, A. J., Smith, H., Feber, R. E., …Macdonald, D. W. (2002). Manipulating the abundance of Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae : Linyphiidae) by field margin management. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 93(1-3), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809%2801%2900343-7

Populations of the linyphiid spider Lepthyphantes tenuis were sampled in field margins in May, July and September in 1990–1991 and 1995–1996. Field margins were subjected to 10 grassland management regimes, which included the effects of spraying the... Read More about Manipulating the abundance of Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae : Linyphiidae) by field margin management.

The implications of grassland and heathland management for the conservation of spider communities: a review (2001)
Journal Article
Bell, J. R., Philip Wheater, C., & Rod Cullen, W. (2001). The implications of grassland and heathland management for the conservation of spider communities: a review. Journal of Zoology, 255(3), 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836901001479

Both intensity and type of habitat management in grasslands and heathlands affect spider communities. With high intensity management, spider communities often lack diversity and are dominated by a few r-selected species affiliated with bare ground. L... Read More about The implications of grassland and heathland management for the conservation of spider communities: a review.

The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non-target spiders: Part II. Indirect effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis in field margins (2001)
Journal Article
Haughton, A. J., Bell, J. R., Boatman, N. D., & Wilcox, A. (2001). The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non-target spiders: Part II. Indirect effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis in field margins. Pest Management Science, 57(11), 1037-1042. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.389

We have examined the indirect effect of the herbicide glyphosate on the spider Lepthyphantes tenuis in field margins. Glyphosate was applied to a randomised block design field experiment comprising 360, 720 and 1440 g glyphosate AE ha−1 treatments an... Read More about The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non-target spiders: Part II. Indirect effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis in field margins.

The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non-target spiders: Part I. Direct effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis under laboratory conditions (2001)
Journal Article
Haughton, A. J., Bell, J. R., Wilcox, A., & Boatman, N. D. (2001). The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non-target spiders: Part I. Direct effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis under laboratory conditions. Pest Management Science, 57(11), 1033-1036. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.388

We examined the toxic effects of glyphosate to adult female Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae, Linyphiidae), a common spider of agricultural habitats. The overspray technique was used to investigate the effect of the herbicide on forty individuals in eac... Read More about The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non-target spiders: Part I. Direct effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis under laboratory conditions.

Spider communities as tools in monitoring reclaimed limestone quarry landforms (2000)
Journal Article
Wheater, C. P., Cullen, W. R., & Bell, J. R. (2000). Spider communities as tools in monitoring reclaimed limestone quarry landforms. Landscape Ecology, 15, 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1023/a%3A1008171023039

Spider communities are sensitive to a wide range of environmental factors and are potential ecological indicators which may be effective in the assessment and monitoring of restored ecosystems. One restoration technique of disused limestone quarry fa... Read More about Spider communities as tools in monitoring reclaimed limestone quarry landforms.