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All Outputs (24)

The British Labour Movement and the Strikes in Hong Kong 1925/6 and Trinidad 1937: Worlds Apart and Worlds Together (2025)
Journal Article
Cao, X., & Seifert, R. (2025). The British Labour Movement and the Strikes in Hong Kong 1925/6 and Trinidad 1937: Worlds Apart and Worlds Together. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2025.2479804

This article compares the Hong Kong strike of 1925/6 with the 1937 Trinidad summer strikes and riots and brings together these events that took place in two separate, far-away British colonies. It provides a fuller understanding of the common factors... Read More about The British Labour Movement and the Strikes in Hong Kong 1925/6 and Trinidad 1937: Worlds Apart and Worlds Together.

Conceptualizing decent work: an explorative study of decent work in England’s Midlands region (2024)
Journal Article
Dobbins, T., Cao, X., Green, A., Johnstone, P., & Foster, W. (2024). Conceptualizing decent work: an explorative study of decent work in England’s Midlands region. Policy Studies, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2024.2353068

Despite an increased focus on the quality as well as quantity of work, conceptualisation of decent work remains underdeveloped. There is no single agreed definition of decent work. The ILO (1999) provides an overarching definition of decent work as ‘... Read More about Conceptualizing decent work: an explorative study of decent work in England’s Midlands region.

Alan Fox and the managerial “unitary” frame of reference in unionised companies: context, roots, elaboration and international applicability (2024)
Journal Article
Lyddon, D., & Cao, X. (2024). Alan Fox and the managerial “unitary” frame of reference in unionised companies: context, roots, elaboration and international applicability. Employee Relations, https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-09-2023-0486

Purpose
This study investigates the origins and elaboration of the managerial “unitary” frame of reference associated with Alan Fox, focusing on unionised firms: the industrial relations context, intellectual roots, elaboration, adaptation by other... Read More about Alan Fox and the managerial “unitary” frame of reference in unionised companies: context, roots, elaboration and international applicability.

Leave or not to leave? The impact of managerial work-life support and work engagement on the outcomes of work-to-life conflict for China's new generation employees (2023)
Journal Article
Xu, M., Cao, X., & Lu, H. (2023). Leave or not to leave? The impact of managerial work-life support and work engagement on the outcomes of work-to-life conflict for China's new generation employees. Asia Pacific Business Review, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2023.2264221

This paper explores how work engagement and managerial work-life support can influence the relationship between work-to-life conflict and turnover intention for China’s new generation employees. Drawing on job demand-resources (JD-R) theory and time-... Read More about Leave or not to leave? The impact of managerial work-life support and work engagement on the outcomes of work-to-life conflict for China's new generation employees.

Trade Unions in China: The Dynamics of Labour Relations and State-ancillary Unionism in Transition (2023)
Book Chapter
Brown, W., & Cao, X. (2023). Trade Unions in China: The Dynamics of Labour Relations and State-ancillary Unionism in Transition. In Routledge Handbook of Chinese Business and Management. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429448935-13

This chapter reviews the background and organisation of Chinese trade unions, their role in worker participation, rights protection and mobilisation, and their relationships with employers and the state. The analysis in the chapter reiterates the ess... Read More about Trade Unions in China: The Dynamics of Labour Relations and State-ancillary Unionism in Transition.

SDG 8, Decent Work, and Post-Covid Recovery: Policy Implications, Challenges, and Opportunities in the UK (2022)
Book Chapter
Cao, X. (2022). SDG 8, Decent Work, and Post-Covid Recovery: Policy Implications, Challenges, and Opportunities in the UK. In SDGs in the European Region (1-26). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91261-1_67-1

Promoting decent work is at the heart of the United Nations’ eighth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which sets the access to decent work as an important priority for both employers and policy makers to improve social justice, develop sustainable... Read More about SDG 8, Decent Work, and Post-Covid Recovery: Policy Implications, Challenges, and Opportunities in the UK.

The impact of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic on the labour market and labour relations in the UK (2021)
Book Chapter
Cao, X. (2021). The impact of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic on the labour market and labour relations in the UK. . Social Sciences Academic Press

Since 2020, the new crown pneumonia epidemic has brought a great impact on the rights and interests of workers. In response to the problems of labor relations and labor rights protection during the anti-epidemic resumption of work, my country has imp... Read More about The impact of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic on the labour market and labour relations in the UK.

Heterogeneity in top management teams and outward foreign direct investment: evidence from Chinese listed companies (2019)
Journal Article
Cao, X. (2019). Heterogeneity in top management teams and outward foreign direct investment: evidence from Chinese listed companies. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 13, 16 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11782-019-0063-0

Drawing upon the knowledge-based view and team learning, we investigated how heterogeneity in top management teams (TMTs) in China influences global expansion strategies. Using panel data from Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2014, we found that TMT... Read More about Heterogeneity in top management teams and outward foreign direct investment: evidence from Chinese listed companies.

International networking and knowledge acquisition of Chinese SMEs: the role of global mind-set and international entrepreneurial orientation (2019)
Journal Article
Lin, Z., Cao, X., & Cottam, E. (2019). International networking and knowledge acquisition of Chinese SMEs: the role of global mind-set and international entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 32(5-6), 449-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1640459

Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasing their international networking and knowledge acquisition activities. This paper attempts to explain this phenomenon by examining the joint influence of leader global mind-set and firms’... Read More about International networking and knowledge acquisition of Chinese SMEs: the role of global mind-set and international entrepreneurial orientation.

Why Do Trade Unions Revitalize? The Study on Union Revitalization, Theoretical Debates and Inspiration (2019)
Journal Article
Cao. (2019). Why Do Trade Unions Revitalize? The Study on Union Revitalization, Theoretical Debates and Inspiration. https://doi.org/10.16471/j.cnki.11-2822/c.2019.03.008

As one of most pivotal themes in trade union study within the western world, the debate upon union revitalization continues for a long time. On the basis of reviewing classic English literature, the paper summarizes three core issues in discussion, n... Read More about Why Do Trade Unions Revitalize? The Study on Union Revitalization, Theoretical Debates and Inspiration.

Dockworkers’ Resistance and Union Reform within China’s Globalised Seaport Industry (2017)
Book Chapter
Cao, X., & Meng, Q. (2017). Dockworkers’ Resistance and Union Reform within China’s Globalised Seaport Industry. In Chinese Labour in the Global Economy (13). Taylor and Francis

This study examines the prominent 2013 Yantian dock strike in China and analyses the main factors contributing to the dockers’ successful campaign. It finds that the dockers’ capacity to take strike action mainly derives from their bargaining power,... Read More about Dockworkers’ Resistance and Union Reform within China’s Globalised Seaport Industry.

Dockworkers’ resistance and union reform within China’s globalised seaport industry (2016)
Journal Article
Cao, X., & Meng, Q. (2016). Dockworkers’ resistance and union reform within China’s globalised seaport industry. Globalizations, 14(2), 272-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1203131

This study examines the prominent 2013 Yantian dock strike in China and analyses the main factors contributing to the dockers’ successful campaign. It finds that the dockers’ capacity to take strike action mainly derives from their bargaining power,... Read More about Dockworkers’ resistance and union reform within China’s globalised seaport industry.