The Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale: Initial development and evaluation of four and eight item short forms.
(2023)
Journal Article
Vowles, K. E., Kruger, E. S., Bailey, R. W., Ashworth, J., Hickman, J., Sowden, G., & McCracken, L. M. (in press). The Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale: Initial development and evaluation of four and eight item short forms. The Journal of Pain, 25(1), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.001
Elevated levels of anxiety in relation to chronic pain have been consistently associated with greater distress and disability. Thus, accurate measurement of pain-related anxiety is an important requirement in modern pain services. The Pain Anxiety Sy... Read More about The Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale: Initial development and evaluation of four and eight item short forms..